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  1. 100 Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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1

BACKED KNIFE FROM THE GRAVE OF TRZCINIEC CULTURE IN GABULTÓW, DISTRICT KAZIMIERZA WIELKA

100%
Valde-Nowak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2006
|
vol. 58
453-457
EN
In one of the skeleton graves of the Trzciniec culture in Gabultów, in the loess upland in southern Poland, a thick backed knife made of the tiny-grain sandstone, most probably of the Carpathians provenience was found. Some similar forms, known from the Trzciniec context, are named 'para-backed segments' or 'knife-like tools'. The closest analogies, made also of the non-flint raw material, represent the macrolithic tool found some years ago in Jakuszowice, not far from Gabultów. Among stone implements of the Otomani-Füzesabony culture backed knife and other forms with bimarginally retouching are also well documented. The sandstone artifact from Gabultów can be significant for the discussion about the role of southern influences visible in the Trzciniec culture.
2

TEL REKHESH EXCAVATIONS 2006-2009, ISRAEL (Badania archeologiczne na stanowisku Tel Rekhesh w Izraelu. Sezony w latach 2006-2009)

100%
Hasegawa S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2010
|
vol. 62
413-438
EN
Tel Rekhesh located in the vicinity of Mt. Tabor, north Israel, is one of the two largest sites in the Lower Eastern Galilee and the only site that has a long settlement history of over 3,000 years. The excavation of the site was commenced in March 2006 by the Expedition for the Archaeology of the Land of Israel. The main aim of the excavation was to investigate the settlement history of the site in order to supply a lack of archaeological data for the Eastern Lower Galilee. Four main areas were excavated in order to achieve this aim: 1) the lower terrace; 2) the north-eastern edge of the acropolis ('gate' area); 3) the south-western and south-eastern edges of the acropolis; and 4) the southern slope. Approximately 820 square meters (fifty-one squares) were excavated over five seasons.
3

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANCIENT HUNGARIAN HORSEMAN BURIAL GROUND IN STREDA NAD BODROGOM WITHIN THE YEARS 1926 AND 1937 (Vyskum staromadarskeho jazdeckeho pohrebiska v Strede nad Bodrogom v rokoch 1926 a 1937)

100%
Nevizansky G., Kosta J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
301-354
EN
Content of finds that were rescued during the first phase of the investigation activities indicates that the total number of originally found graves was probably higher than the professional literature has assumed. Marking of the graves with burial mounds at the site in Streda nad Bodrogom represents an unusual and peculiar funeral rite. Some grave pits were cut straight into the bedrock. Common burying of the dead and the horse has been proved in all the four cases. In the past the graves have been devastated by grave thieves or by unprofessional interventions. Majority of the grave goods were discovered in secondary positions, skeletons of the deceased were scattered. In the grave inventory the mounts that decorated gorytos were discovered accompanied by a belt, horse harness belts and a pouch for fire lighting gear. Weapons from the grave were probably stolen by grave thieves, or they have not got into the museum collection. The material culture includes also artefacts that have their roots or close analogies in the wider east European area (human mask-shaped mounts, belt ornaments of the Cherdin type, leaf-shaped mounts with palmette decoration, pottery etc.). As of now some artefacts have no analogies in the wider middle- and east European context. The majority of silver personal ornaments was made in artisan workshops in the upper Tisa basin. At the clan burial site in Streda nad Bodrogom members of the first two generations of the ancient Magyars were buried during the first half of the 10th century.
4

NITRA I-CERMAN AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE GRAVETTIAN SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE IN SLOVAKIA (Nitra I-Cerman v ramci struktury osidlenia gravettienskej kultury na Slovensku)

100%
Kaminska L., Kozlowski J. K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2011
|
vol. 59
|
issue 1
1-85
EN
Barta's excavations in the years 1959-1968 revealed multiple settlements at Nitra I-Cerman functioning during the Upper Gravettian. The finds were dated to the shouldered point horizon on the basis of typological structure of artefacts, their stratigraphic position in loess profiles as well as their dates: 14C - GRN-2449 = 22 860 ± 400 BP - a layer with archaeological finds on the base of upper loess; 14C - GRN-2456 = 24 220 ± 640 BP - humic horizon attributed to the 'Cerman oscillation'. The oldest settlement comes from the end of the formation of humic horizon, the next one is connected with its surface and two phases were situated in the lower part of the upper loess. Chipped artefacts and bones of reindeer, horse and mammoth were concentrated mostly around the hearths. Chipped stone industry is represented by assemblages with mostly burins, backed tools, among them shouldered points, microliths and retouched blades. End-scrapers, retouched truncations, perforators, truncated flakes, denticulated and notched tools are less numerous. Dominant raw materials are radiolarite (63.8%) limnosilicite (21.5%) and erratic flint (5.1%). Besides the sites of the shouldered point horizon in the Vah basin, Nitra I-Cerman is a significant settlement unit in the Nitra river basin. The connection of these two regions through the Jastrabske sedlo was the route of hunter groups looking for radiolarite sources in the vicinity of the Vlarsky priesmyk and farther for erratic flint in Silesia.
5

Problems of interpretation of early Iron Age fenced settlements. A case study of site 8 from Zabrodzie, Wrocław district

100%
Baron J., Golanski A., Schellner K.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 63
319-356
EN
A scale of recently made rescue excavations enabled large areas to be uncovered and thus developed our understanding of the functional and spatial organization of settlements, previously studied to a small degree compared to cemeteries. Among recently excavated sites, including the discussed settlement, fenced structures have prompted great interest owing to their unique spatial organization. The focus of this paper is on the interpretation of the site when compared with other settlements containing similar spatial structures discovered in SW Poland.
6

ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCES - INTERDISCIPLINARITY OF STUDIES OF THE PAST

100%
Palonka R.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2005
|
vol. 57
319-354
EN
Reconstructing the past is a complex and complicated pursuit, as well as an extremely creative and interesting process, which involves cooperation between different scientific disciplines. Acknowledging and reconstructing the past, once narrowed down chiefly to archaeology, anthropology and history, is now carried out with at least partial involvement of other disciplines, such as humanities and social sciences, natural sciences, mathematics and technical sciences. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity of research can produce a broader knowledge of past worlds and cultures, and how these cultures were created and functioned in different environments. Nowadays, it seems obvious that the proper understanding of the past is possible not only due to study of material culture and written sources, but also (among the other things and sciences) analyzing of natural environment, relying on ethnographic analogies, applying anthropological and philosophy theory, and even mathematics and computer models. Interdisciplinarity of studies of the past involves also closer and stronger collaboration between scientists from various disciplines, especially history, anthropology, and archaeology. These three scientific disciplines are probably the most vitally interested in the process of reconstructing the human culture in different ways.
7

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL AND RADIOCARBON DATES. AN EXAMPLE OF CORDED WARE CULTURE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE VERSUS CHRONOLOGY (Archeologiczna interpretacja dat dendrochronologicznych i radioweglowych ...)

100%
Wlodarczak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2008
|
vol. 60
103-128
EN
In the last 50 years, studies on the chronology of Neolithic cultures were dominated by the method of radiocarbon dating. The correctness of the chronological models based on this method can nowadays be verified only by means of the dendrochronology. This is possible for the finds from Switzerland, and also partly for those from southern Germany. These problems are discussed in this paper, by way of example of the Corded Ware culture (CWC) - one of the main Neolithic cultures in Central Europe. As a model territory for the analysis, the region of Zurich was chosen, namely the palafitte sites on the lakes: Zurich, Greifen and Pfäffiker. The period of development of the culture under discussion falls between ca 350-300 years (maximum from ca 2750 to 2400 BC).In comparison to Switzerland, the situation on the territories dated by means of the radiocarbon method looks different. The chronological models are characterised by a longer period of the CWC's existence and by the synchronicity of various cultural phenomena. In effect, two compared methods of dating resulted in emerging different points of view on the course of cultural processes. In the case of dendrochronological dating, looking upon archaeological cultures as competitive models was almost mechanically abandoned. Their distinctive attributes, which include mostly pottery, have become significant markers of particular chronology. At the same time, their role in determining distinct human groups, e.g. of ethnical character, has become less stressed.
8

HIIS SITES IN THE RESEARCH HISTORY OF ESTONIAN SACRED PLACES (Hiied Eesti pyhapaikade uurimisloos)

100%
Jonuks T.
Mäetagused
|
2009
|
vol. 42
33-54
EN
Sacred natural places, among which hiis sites form the best known and the most thoroughly investigated part, have started to attract multifarious scientific interest only recently. Although pagan sanctuaries have been the object of research for the clergy, politicians, and historians already since the 18th century, more general and analytical studies are still lacking. The article offers a historiographical overview of sacred natural sites in Estonia and points out some aspects which play an important role in the studies. Estonian scholars have mostly avoided the subject of the sacred grove following the major study by Oskar Loorits. On the one hand it is definitely connected with condemning of religious studies in the Soviet period of scientific atheism. On the other hand, it is related to the public attitudes towards hiis and the ideological pressure of the Soviet period, which implied that hiis marked the religion of ancient and independent Estonians. Hiis sites were first associated with archaeological material in the 1990s and it has been pointed out that there is no essential connection between hiis sites and graves. Objecting to earlier interpretations, it has been suggested that hiis places have been separate sites on landscape and their initial semantic field was not necessarily connected with the dead and the burial site at all. Instead, the dominant element of landscape may have been chosen as a holy site and the latter may have been used also as a burial place. Explanation of the principles for selecting a place for the hiis has been an important topic in the past decade. Relying primarily on the concepts of holiness, anomaly, distinction from the surroundings, prominence and the presence of natural border have been stressed. A new perspective is also offered, stressing energetic field and flora anomalies. It is clear that since the majority of sources available on hiis sites is formed by undatable folk tradition, all speculations on the topic are very complicated and holy sites are perceived as something belonging to some timeless past. It is apparent that the general name hiis, holy or offering place applies to sites from different periods, some of which dating back even to the Late Bronze Age, while others might have been taken into use relatively recently.
9

TORSO OF THE MEDIEVAL VILLAGE IN BELUSA

100%
Vlkolinska I.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
23-107
EN
Belusa is a village situated at central part of the river Vah basin in north-western Slovakia. The salvage excavation of the medieval settlement site was aroused by a motorway construction. The site had been damaged during the building works and only torsos of sunken objects were found. The most frequent finds were fragments of graphitic pottery including storage vessels. Iron slag, analyses of which brought evidence of smithery and also metallurgy in several cases, occurred relatively often, too. The settlement was dated by the pottery to the 12th and 13th centuries. Copper coins of so-called Arabian type minted by the ancient Hungarian king Bela III. or Bela IV. (1190-1240). These coins occur especially along important trade ways. First written reference to Belusa comes from the year 1330 ('terra Belos').
10

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETONS OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE AND THE TRZCINIEC CULTURE FROM GABULTÓW SITE 1, KAZIMIERA WIELKA COUNTY, SWIETOKRZYSKIE PROVINCE

100%
Szczepanek A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2006
|
vol. 86
459-464
EN
The anthropological analysis was performed on skeletons of the Corded Ware culture and the Trzciniec culture, discovered in the mound from Gabultów. In a central grave it has been established that the fragmentarily preserved remnants belonged to an individual of the Adultus age, of indeterminate sex. In a niche grave there were buried three individuals: in the centre of the niche laid down the skeleton of the Maturus age, most probably a male of the intravital body height ca. 166 cm. The remnants that were laid on the back, the head being orientated northward belonged to an individual of the infans I/II age (6-7-year-old), of indeterminate sex and the remnants that have the head orientated southward belonged to an individual of the infans I age (3-4-year-old), of indeterminate sex. In a grave of the Trzciniec culture (feature 4) there survived bone fragments of an adult individual of indeterminate sex and in feature 5 the remnants belonged to an individual of the Juvenis age, of indeterminate sex.
11

CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH INTO MEDIAEVAL SETTLEMET PHASE INCLUDING DEFENCE CONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF THE WAWEL HILL

100%
Kuklinski A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2005
|
vol. 57
215-318
EN
The results of archaeological excavations in South-Western part of Wawel Hill in Kraków (recent stage of investigations) are discussed.Results of excavations conducted before 1990 were elaborated exclusively on the base of descriptions, drawings and photos stored in the Archives of the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill and not numerous publications. Excavations during the years 1991-2004 were led and recorded by the author (or were supervised by him). They were already published in part. In the present article results of the mentioned investigations were collected, compared and interpreted in all. The current state of research into Mediaeval settlement phase, including defense constructions and building structures made of brick in the section IX of the Wawel Hill (South-Western part of it) is shown in this article in close connection to neighbouring sections -Vic, VIII, and X. State of research into section IX on the Wawel Hill is still insufficient, in spite of important discoveries made during the years 1991-1996, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. It is caused - among others - by limited space of excavations. Chronology and construction of the Early Mediaeval defense ramparts should be verified. Also the location of the supposed palace connected to the Romanesque round church, discovered near Sandomierz Tower on the Southern outskirts of the Wawel Hill should be explained. Future excavations should identify relics of Mediaeval settlement (including building structures), especially the Early Mediaeval ones at the foot of defense rampart.
12

CLAY AMULET FROM THE LENGYEL CULTURE SETTLEMENT AT ZARZYCA, LOWER SILESIA

100%
Czarniak K.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
115-121
EN
The author presents a clay artifact discovered at Zarzyca settlement in Lower Silesia and interpreted as an amulet. Together with the pendant, two thin-walled amphorae were found which demonstrated features typical for the older stage of the Lengyel culture (LC)- red and white painting. This artifact, made of clay, was an imitation of ornaments made of Spondylus gaedoropus shells. Those finds occur often in graves of older Danube cultures and are interpreted as imports and, thus, prestige goods, due to their distant provenance. They are usually connected with the LBC and were discovered e.g. in graves. A similar ornament was discovered by a dead buried together with stroke-ornamented pottery in Karsko, west Pomeranian voivodeship. So far neither pendants made of Spondylus shells nor their clay imitations have been discovered in the LC context. Thus, the discussed artifact is the first example of that type not only from Poland but from whole LC area.
13

RECENT COPPER AENEOLITHIC FINDS FROM SLOVAKIA (Neuere äneolithische Kupferfunde aus der Westslowakei)

100%
Pavuk J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
229-241
EN
The first stratified find of a copper dagger fragment excavated at the Ludanice-group settlement in Budmerice is presented in the article. Its shape and dimensions rank the dagger among those of the Bodrogkeresztur type, which use to be connected with the homonymous group settled in the Tisa basin. In addition to the one from Budmerice, more daggers from Aszod, Budapest-Rakoscsaba, Godolo, Pilisszanto and Banhida in Hungary can be added to the Ludanice group. The dagger was made of arsenical copper what made it different from those of pure copper that are typical of the Bodrogkeresztur group. Daggers of the Lengyel-culture Ludanice group are presupposed to be made at another copper production centre than the Bodrogkeresztur group. The settlement existed during the older phase of Ludanice group (Epilengyel/Lengyel IV), which was simultaneous with the Tiszapolgar group. Assuming this, the dagger from Budmerice is older than those of the Bodrogkeresztur group, which on the Ludanice group territory were replaced with the Male Levare-type daggers that belong to the horizon of Bajc-Retz pottery ornamented with grooved punctures. A hooked spiral of the Hlinsko type from an inhumation grave at Nitrianske Pravno-Vysehradne settlement increases the number of finding places with this adornment and together with spirals from a cave nearby Liskova it proves the settlement spreading toward mountainous regions of Slovakia in the horizon of pottery with grooved punctures.
14

Natural scientific analyses of a faience bead from a Nitra-culture grave in Slatinice, district of Olomouc

100%
Gregerova M., Hlozek M., Sulovsky P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
33-40
EN
Several turquoise-coloured faience beads were revealed from a female grave of the Nitra-culture burial ground near Slatinice. Finds of the numerous faience beads occur in some graves in necropolises belonging to the Late Aeneolithic and Early Bronze Age. The natural scientific methods (optic and electron microscopy and microanalyses) help solve the question of the faience beads origin - whether they were made by the Nitra culture bearers or they were imported from the distant regions. The microscopic analyses proved that the faience bead under study from 95% consists of the various in size fragments of sharp angular quartz which were glued together with a small amount of lime or clay and the bead was probably moulded. After it had been dried up, the bead was burnt at the temperature lower than 800 °C. Then it was dipped into a glazing solution with the copper oxides and then burnt again or annealed at the higher temperatures. High up to very high, almost constant content of potassium and corresponding content of sodium are typical for interstitial glasses of faience and blue copper cores. In the beads from Egypt the normalized K2O content in copper blue colours is 11.9 %. Compared with this, the MgO content is very low. These results make us presuppose that for a production of the faiences ash was used as a source of alkali that is very rich in potassium, poor in MgO and have neutral content of CaO. The results of the realized analyses of the finds from Slatinice prove that the artefact the most probably was not made by the Nitra culture bearers. The concordance between our results and data published to finds of the faience artefacts from Egypt is remarkable. We have compared our measured data with chemical composition of the younger Egyptian artefacts (around 1500 BC). The time gap of one or two hundred years makes no obstruction in this case, as the glass colouring as well as a production of the frits and faience artefacts is proved to have a longer tradition. Hence we can state that in the Nitra culture period (1800-1600 BC) the faience beads were desired trade article transported from Egypt probably.
15

The Burial Ground of the Nitra Culture from Slatinice, distr. of Olomouc. Anthropological analysis

100%
Dockalova M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
41-56
EN
The first extensive group of the graves of the Nitra culture in Moravia was obtained during the archaeological excavations in Holesov in 1964-1970. The anthropological material has been preserved only in fragments. From the total number of 420 burials only six skulls were used for measuring and calculations of their lengths and widths, which was a negligible sample. The burial ground of the Nitra culture in Slatinice, presented in this study, was excavated in 2002. The excavations yielded well-preserved anthropological material from 22 graves with 23 buried individuals. The anthropological analyses determined 12 males, 8 females and 3 infants. The males were of age categories from iuvenis to maturus and they died at the age of 20-40 years. The female age categories were iuvenis-maturus and their age at death ranges between 14-29 and 30-40 years. The average age at death in the entire population was 20-29 years. Concerning the age, 72.2% were adults; 27.3% adolescents and infants. According to sex, there were 50% of males, 22.7% of females and 27,3% of adolescents and children in the population. Calculated average height of the males was 166.1 cm and females 155 cm. The state of health of the population under study was good; we found healed fractures of the forearms and legs, as well as a healed skull injury. We recorded also innate and hereditary symptoms - metopism, spina bifida, leg defect and negligible occurrence of tooth decays. From the anthropological point of view, the population from Slatinice can be described as a markedly dolichomorphic group, which corresponds with the results of the analyses from the Nitra-culture burial grounds in Holesov and with skeletons from Branc and Vycapy-Opatovce.
16

GRAVE 63 AT THE CEMETERY IN CIERNY BROD. ISSUES ON GRAVES WITH PARTIALLY BURIED ANIMALS FROM THE PERIOD OF THE AVAR KHAGANATE

100%
Zabojnik J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 2
353-386
EN
A grave, in which horse bones (skull and distal parts of extremities) were found in addition to an equestrian skeleton, i. e. the grave with partially buried horse, was excavated at the cemetery from the Period of the Avar Khaganate in Cierny Brod. The most up to date catalogue of sites with occurrence of the partially buried animals on the Avar Khaganate territory is presented. Since more necropolises have not been completely published, the studied phenomenon is evaluated by quantitative method, only considering the number of sites but not the amount of the graves within them. This can cause some destortion, however, it does not influence the general picture of the occurrence of the graves with partially buried animals from the Period of the Avar Khaganate. The above-mentioned phenomenon is analysed in relation to the graves chronology and buried animal species. Although vast majority of these graves can be dated to the early phase of the Period of the Avar Khaganate, their occurrence in later periods (middle and late phases) does not seem to be rare either. In term of the animal species is concerned, horse is predominating, which is solely to be found in the male graves. On the contrary, the partial burials of cattle or sheep/goat are present also in the graves of women and subadult individuals. Occurrence of the studied phenomenon is supplemented with cartographic evaluation according to the animal species. Following maps of the sites, the highest concentration is found on the territory east of the Tisza River, mainly around town Szeged. The equestrian graves with the partially buried horses dated mostly to the early phase of the Period of the Avar Khaganate were excavated here. Graves with the partially buried animals, mostly those with horses, have numerous parallels in nomadic communities living in the East European steppe zone. Finally, the interpretation of this phenomenon is given. It is connected with Bulgarian Kutrigurs, whose military potential was integrated into the Khaganate's armed forces after the Avars had defeated them. The Kutrigurs probably settled the area of the Carpathian Basin - to the east of the Tisa River where the majority of such graves was found.
17

THE GRAVES OF THE LUBLIN-VOLHYNIAN CULTURE AT SITE 2 IN KSIAZNICE, DISTRICT OF BUSKO ZDRÓJ. 2004 EXPLORATION SEASON

100%
Wilk S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2006
|
vol. 58
247-270
EN
The article relates about two (No 5 and 6) graves of the Lublin-Volhynian Culture (LVC), discovered during excavations in 2004 at site 2 in Ksiaznice, Pacanów commune. One of this graves contained skeleton which has been identified as Senilis male. Inventories included rich flint artifacts, three clay vessels and an unique copper axe, the Felsógalla type, Szendró variant, or a form between the Hajduszoboszlo and Sakalhat variants. The second grave contained only seven vessels. This grave represented an extremely rare group of symbolical burials - cenotaphs. On the base of ceramic and flint inventories, graves No5 and 6, like other burials from the LVC's cemetery at Site 2 in Ksiaznice - should be dated at phase IIla of this culture. The archaeological exploration and anthropological analysis of the LVC's burials carried out to date seem to support the thesis that Site 2 in Ksiaznice encompassed a short-term and possibly small family cemetery planned out with great care.
18

TWO MAGICAL GEMS

100%
Bouzek J., Dostalova R., Hosek R., Ondrejova I.
Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina
|
2009
|
vol. 45
|
issue I-II
141-146
EN
The article publishes two magic gems in private collection reputedly found in South Moravia, according to the personal information by Vilem Hruby, in the area of Stare Mesto in a context of Great Moravia. They both are of Egyptian origin and can be dated to the 3rd - 4th century A.D. One of them represents young Horus, the second with inscription probably mentions Chnoum. The authors mention parallels from Bulgaria, from the context of the activities of Methodius' pupils there.
19

OSTEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BLUDGEONS FROM SLOVAKIA (Osteologicka analyza bijakov zo Slovenska)

100%
Miklikova Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
183-188
EN
The study presents results of the osteological analysis of pear- and ball-shaped artefacts found in the riders' graves from the Period of the Avar Khaganate, interpreted by J. Zabojnik as bludgeons. The main aim of the authoress' investigation was to identify the raw material of the available finds from the territory of Slovakia. The bludgeons from cemeteries in Bratislava, part Devinska Nova Ves-Tehelna (grave 28), Kosice, part Sebastovce-Lapise (grave 94), Cataj-Zemanske Gejzove (grave 148 a 252) and Velky Meder-Vamostelek (grave 25) have been studied. A macroscopic examination of the raw material suggested that all five specimens were made of antler or antler/bone (specimen from Devinska Nova Ves). The preference of using antler for manufacturing the similar artefacts was documented in other archaeological sites of nomadic or semi-nomadic people from the early Middle Age, although other kinds of the raw material of animal origin (ivory, bone) were observed in here as well.
20

POSSIBILITIES OF IDENTIFICATION AND DATING OF TREE WINDTHROW STRUCTURES ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLES FROM PODLEZE, SITE 17)

100%
Dziegielewski K.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
393-415
EN
The article concerns a problem of occurence of windthrow structures on archaeological sites. This specific objects, caused by falling trees, are sometimes misinterpreted as features of anthropogenic character. An attempt of reconstruction of generating the micro-depressions and their filling was proposed. It is, in general, convergent to the one presented by soil scientists (e.g. R. Langohr). However, in author's opinion, such objects should not lose their importance as archaeological sources, since they may reflect history of the sites. Greater amount of simultaneous windthrow structures might also be an indicator of the climate destabilisation in certain periods.
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