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1

Pszczoła miodna na ziemiach polskich

100%

Banaszak J.

Studia Lednickie

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2012

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vol. 11

93-113

EN

The article presents the condition of the western (European) honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the changing natural environment of the areas between the Oder, the Vistula and the River Bug from the early Piast state till modern day. The western honey bee — originally a natural and constant component of the forest fauna — used to find favourable conditions for its existence and development occupying natural hollows in trees. Later, people learnt to make artificial hollows and secured the bees there (Fig. 2, Photog. 2, 3). In the Middle Ages, forest bee-keeping offered forest bee-keepers and the Crown Treasury substantial benefits from honey and wax. At the same time the nature of the forest gained an extraordinary factor — a go-between in the pollination of entomogamic plants — trees, bushes and herbs. Throughout the whole of the Middle Ages and later on forest bee-keeping was in its heyday, and the number of bee-keeping trees in individual forest areas amounted to tens of thousands (Tab. 4). Since the times of the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasty, Polish merchants would export honey and wax to the Baltic harbours and farther to the deforested countries of Europe and the world. These goods were also transported from Poland by land routes. Such a condition remained till the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries, when the western honey bee was „moved out” from the forests to bee gardens near the farmsteads. The increase in the settlements contributed to the process as well as the decline in the forestation (until the middle of the nineteenth century within Greater Poland when the percentage of forests dropped to circa 28%, that is, half the number as it had been at the end of the fourteenth century). In the Prussian partition the definite eradication of forest bee-keeping was caused by the burning out of forests by bee-keepers (in order to rejuvenate the honey plants) and hence destroying the valuable tree stand. Bees then became just a temporary component of the forest biocoenosis. They visited forests mainly for the pollen and honey from heather or honeydew. Moving the European honey bee out from the wilderness and forests must have influenced the forest biocoenosis including the wild bees and other insects competing for sustenance. Hence, the forest lost its numerous and permanent pollinators whereas other insects gained better access to the nutritional plants. Garden bee-keeping near the farmsteads, in turn, resulted in the western honey bee as the most frequent and stable pollinator of plants in the agricultural areas (ploughlands, orchards and vegetable patches) covering in total circa 60% of today’s Poland.

2

Stare zabudowania wiejskie - miejscem życia owadów błonkoskrzydłowych (Hymenoptera)

100%

Banaszak J.

Studia Lednickie

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1998

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vol. 5

293-305

EN

The article describes the results of research which took place in the Etnographic Park of the Greater Poland (Western Poland), in Dziekanowice on Lednica Lake. The author has found 26 species of Aculeata (Hymenoptera) living in the wooden or clay walls and the thatched roof of the old. 18th century cottage, which used to be an inn. In keeping with present literature the author has prepared a table containing nerly 120 bee species living in old farm buildings within the area of Poland. Those species belong to 8 families: Sapygidae, Tiphidae, Vespidae, Eumenidae, Sphecidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae. The old farm buildings create a substitutive envimment for the above mentioned fauna, which normally exist in loess or clay walls, old wood or stems of green plants. Due to quick disappearing of this kind of buildings from country landscape, in 1991 some of them have been propoed to be structures protected by law — monuments of nature and architecture (Banaszak 1991, 1995). The article contains a descriptions of the first Polish monument of nature and architecture, placed in the Etnographic Park of the Greater Poland — the old, 18th century cottage which gives a shelter to rich fauna of Aculeata, (phot. 1)

3

Z badań nad entomofauną Lednickiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Doniesienia wstępne

100%

Banaszak J.

Studia Lednickie

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2000

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vol. 6

417-422

EN

Numbers and domination structure of insects and spiders Aranei are presented. Research was carried out in Lednicki Landscape Park in Western Poland. To collect the material, Moericke traps were set up. Drop in the number of insects, together with decreasing diversity of plants and increased isolation of stands is shown. The value of the number of insects was proved to be twice as small on the islands of Lednica lake compared to the mainland. Among insects, Diptera was the dominating one, which makes 64,6% of the collected material. Spidres, being 3% of the collected material were — contrary to insects — much more numerous on the islands, both natural and environmental ones.

4

Wstępne wyniki badań nad zasobami naturalnymi owadów zapylających w Lednickim Parku Krajobrazowym

100%

Banaszak J.

Studia Lednickie

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1996

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vol. 4

495-498

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Pszczoła miodna na ziemiach polskich

Stare zabudowania wiejskie - miejscem życia owadów błonkoskrzydłowych (Hymenoptera)

Z badań nad entomofauną Lednickiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Doniesienia wstępne

Wstępne wyniki badań nad zasobami naturalnymi owadów zapylających w Lednickim Parku Krajobrazowym