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  1. 3 Filozofia (Philosophy)

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  1. 3 Foltin M.

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ZDÔVODNENIE ĽUDSKÝCH PRÁV V KONCEPCII EFEKTÍVNEHO ALTRUIZMU

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Foltin M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2019
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vol. 74
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issue 8
622 – 636
EN
The paper deals with the normative reasoning of human rights in the concept of effective altruism. It focuses on the analysis of the works of Peter Singer and Thomas W. Pogge, who argue in favour of the moral obligation to protect human rights of people living in extreme poverty. The aim of the paper is to introduce the main principles of the universal and perfectionist-utilitarianist perspective of Peter Singer, the political understanding of protection of human rights by Thomas Pogge and the idealized ethical concept of effective altruism. In the article we say that normative philosophical reasoning is not sufficient to justify the protection of human rights. They are only one of many alternatives to their reasoning.
2

MORÁLNO-NORMATÍVNE ZDÔVODNENIE ĽUDSKÝCH PRÁV

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Foltin M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2021
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vol. 76
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issue 1
46 – 58
EN
This paper presents and analyses the moral-normative sources of human rights. In this article, we analyse the philosophical sources of human rights that relate to the question of why human beings should be holders of human rights, regardless of whether specific legal claims can be derived from them at the legal level. The paper addresses three main normative sources of human rights: (a) secular claims of human dignity; (b) claims based on human needs and human nature; and (c) transcendental claims. The article points out the limitations of these philosophical resources and suggests why it may be suitable to accept human rights based on a pluralistic notion of human nature.
3

ÚVAHY O NIEKTORÝCH NÁMIETKACH VOČI NUSSBAUMOVEJ TEÓRII SPÔSOBILOSTÍ V KONTEXTE MOŽNOSTI ZDÔVODNENIA ĽUDSKÝCH PRÁV

100%
Foltin M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2023
|
vol. 78
|
issue 8
634 – 648
EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of the basic ideas of Nussbaum’s capability theory. In spite of the advantages of this approach, some authors have raised objections to the capability theory. The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss some selected objections. In particular, the study focuses on five objections that relate to the problem of paternalism, the impossibility of reaching a minimum threshold of individual capabilities, the impossibility of justifying civil and political rights, and the non-hierarchical nature of the list of capabilities. The article also develops a critique of the theory of capabilities in terms of a political approach to human rights.
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