Search results

1

FIELD TRIPS AS RITES OF PASSAGE

100%

Trabka A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 4

81-99

EN

The article is an attempt to answer the question whether field trips can be considered to be rituals of passage. For this purpose the authoress uses a qualitative analysis of the following journals and memoirs: 'A Journal in the Strictest Meaning of the Word' by Bronislaw Malinowski, 'L'Afrique fantôme' by Michel Leiris, 'Tristes tropiques' by Claude Lévi-Strauss, 'Return to laughter' by Elenore Smith-Bowen and 'Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco' by Paul Rabinow. The starting point for the deliberations is the classic rites of passage theory proposed by Arnold van Gennep and its interpretation in the spirit of symbolic anthropology as conducted by Victor Turner. We then encounter a short description of the nature of the intensive field studies and a brief review of the context in which the aforementioned journals and memoirs were written. The main part of the article seeks an answer to the question of whether the experiences of the researchers may show that the research in itself is a kind of initiation for them.

2

AREAS OF (THE THEORY OF) INTERPRETATION (Miejsce (teorii) interpretacji)

100%

Koschany R.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1(4)

232-244

EN

The article is based on a review of those ideas, which are nowadays the most significant for the theory of interpretation. The scientific discourse which began with the famous essay by Susan Sontag goes along three main lines: 'against', 'beyond' and 'instead of' interpretation. On the one hand the process aims at experiencing art directly, on the other hand at theories of interpretation grounded on cultural studies.

3

THE PALEODIET OF INDIVIDUALS BURIED IN THE BURIAL MOUND IN GABULTÓW

100%

Szostek K., Szczepanek A., Glab H.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2006

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vol. 58

465-475

EN

The teeth were obtained from individuals representing Corded Ware and Trzciniec culture buried in the mound from Gabultów. The odontologic material under analysis is scanty, but since the mound was used as a burial site by representatives of different culture groups, it may be treated as an example of pilot model studies.The results of the present research may testify to two processes. Firstly, there can be observed a distinct chronological variability in relation to the concentrations of Sr and the Sr/Ca ratio, regarded as good indicators of the organism's nutrition. Secondly an analysis of three individuals (infans I, infans II, maturus) buried in a niche grave (KCS: feature 2), points to a radical and significant change in their eating habits. A significant increase in the Sr/Ca ratio may speak for both qualitative and quantitative changes in the proportions of the consumed food in respect of the increased amount of low-calcium products (plants) in the diet and, most probably, huge elimination of milk, milk-derived foods and maybe animal protein at the expense of products derived from plant crops.

4

THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LITERATURE, LITERARY ANTHROPOLOGY: BETWEEN CULTURAL RESEARCH AND 'ANTHROPOLOGICAL DREAM'

100%

Rygielska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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vol. 49

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issue 4

21-35

EN

The authoress attempts to differentiate the various ways in which the anthropology of literature and literary anthropology are understood in the humanities today. She surveys the various approaches to disciplines. She concentrates on presenting both concepts and showing the differences between them, reserving the term 'anthropology of literature' for the analysis of texts from a social anthropological perspective, and 'literary anthropology' for the texts based in philosophical anthropology.

5

BETWEEN SCAVENGING AND ARCHAEOLOGY. PRESENT AND HISTORIC EXPERIENCES AMONG UNEMPLOYED MINERS FROM WALBRZYCH

100%

Rakowski T.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 4

119-135

EN

Walbrzych and its surroundings is an area which has experienced the most difficult aspects of the post-1989 transformation in Poland. Coal mines in the Walbrzych started to be closed at the beginning of the 1990s as part of the restructuring of the coal industry. This placed a large number of people ( some 20 000 miners and employees in mining-related companies) in a new and incomprehensible situation. During the previous half century those mines had organised these workers' entire lives and now they had been totally disorganised, had disintegrated or had ceased to exist. The dramatic experience of the collapse of the industry and the sudden superfluity of the workers is reflected in the author's research. The interviews conducted by him with residents between 2001 and 2005 show feelings of complete destruction and, at times, auto-aggression. This seemed to be the response to what had happened to the town and to them. The pictures painted reflected both the demolished town and the destroyed post-mining bodies. At the same time, the suspended organisation of life and work began to revive and after the previously standardised industrial Communist-era town came new areas of activity such as illicit mining, the creation of ad-hoc technology and scavenging. In addition, a new area of 'liberated' or 'activated' property and its social acceptance was created - a new, as yet not understood, experience of history was created.

6

NON-FRONTAL GAZE. ANAMORPHOSIS IN MODERN IDEAS OF REPRESENTATION (Kulisowe spojrzenie.Anamorfoza w nowozytnych ideach reprezentacji)

100%

Kalitko K.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1(4)

210-231

EN

The revival interest of anamorphosis, especially among postmodern theorists, may at first appear puzzling, due to its seeming reliance upon notions subjectivity and a general hostility to the objectivity of perspective construction. In perspective construction the picture is conceived of as a window, whereby depicted objects (or images) not parallel to picture plane are foreshortened as they are projected onto that plane as seen from a fixed eye position (the projection point). In anamorphosis, the same geometrical laws are used to stretch or elongate a image so that it appears distorted on the picture plane. Perhaps the apparent subjectivity of all this (namely, that the world appears differently from different points of view) explains the appeal of anamorphosis among some contemporary writers but sometimes metaphors construed on this base are wrong and confused. The author has begun its article with the regerence to Bruno Latour who uses anamorphosis as a metaphor for the conflict between science and religion from about 1450 to 1550. He uses, as a crucial example, Holbein's 'The Ambassadors', a painting that conveniently fits into his time period. Latour uses anamorphosis as a metaphor because he sees within the phenomenon an opposition between two incompatible viewpoints. The author believes that Latour's interpretation (it is not impossible to view both the skull unskewed and the ambassadors) is wrong and it is possible to see both parts of composition. Thus, he supposes, it is possible to break up created for him opposite of scientific to religious vision of World in 17th century. This paper tries to reconstruct scientific and religious influences in creation new ideas of architectural representation especilly in connection with anamorphosis as a instrument of representation.

7

TELLURIC ANDALUSIA IN FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA'S 'BLOODY WEDDING'

100%

Wojtysiak-Wawrzyniak K.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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vol. 49

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issue 4

69-83

EN

The authoress presents Federico Garcia Lorca's 'Bloody Wedding' in the context of the multicultural and telluric land of Andalusia. This land possesses all the attributes of the numinosum: it attracts and repels, and is full of contrasts. It is also characterized by an intrinsic secret: the spirit of the earth. The inexplicable and equivocal Duende is this spirit. It is the land of Andalusia that is able - in Lorca's opinion - to renew the spirit of tragedy. Bloody Wedding is an example of this - an allusion to Greek tragedy. Here, Fate and its representative -the death-bearing Luna - discover the extent of their power. The land of Andalusia, the cradle of tauromachy, shocks and fascinates to this day, because it is here that the Spanish phenomenon of 'blood culture' is fully expressed.

8

POLISH DEATH (Polska kostucha)

100%

Kubiak A. E.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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vol. 53

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issue 3

115-128

EN

The authoress discusses the presence of death in the social public sphere in the context of Polish national identity. She describes the area of popular collective imagination that is part of a broader category: religiousness arising from folk culture. In the Polish public sphere the traditions of death are represented by two trends: the myths of the Passion and Martyrdom. The internal ties of the Polish tribe are sustained by the cult of ancestors and the practice of mourning, the symbol of which is Our Lady of Dolours from the pictures in Czestochowa and Lichen. As a consequence of the dolorous aspect of Polish fundamental tribal emotions people spontaneously organize themselves during religious and national festivals which commemorate the events that entailed a heavy toll of human life. The arche of the Polish death is terror, mourning and redemption by a sacrifice of blood.

9

A WOMAN IN A CITY - A CITY IN A WOMAN. FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF ELFRIEDE JELINEK (Kobieta w miescie - miasto w kobiecie. Przyklad Elfriede Jelinek)

100%

Hudzik A.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1(4)

133-154

EN

The paper is a response to the question about a woman's experience of the city. Accordingly, the authoress analyses the ways Elfriede Jelinek's heroines behave. She contasts them with a male perspective as is recorded in Elias Canetti's prose. The paper consists of four parts. Part one is entitled 'Gynecriticism in Polish-Poetics, or Who Replaced the Flâneur in the Post-modern City' and it presents the history of a 'flâneur' and the reasons why he does not find a place for himself in the post-modern city. Part two, entitled 'City as an Extension of the Senses - on the Aesthetics of the Space' reconstructs Jelinek's heroines' experience of the city. Part three, entitled 'Fugitive and her Plan of the City' shows how this experience is rooted in the topography and semiotics of the city. Part four 'Stadtluft macht frei' contains an extended summary with an attempt to interpret the vision of the city and woman in Jelinek's writing. The city presented here is Vienna. The dynamic development of its architecture over the twentieth century can be seen in the attached photos.

10

THE THEMING OF CITY IMAGINATION (Tematyzacja miejskiej wyobrazni)

100%

Nieszczerzewska M.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1(4)

181-196

EN

The article analyzes issue of the imagination as a social practice. The authoress points to different kinds of the themed environments, i.e. shopping-malls, parks and big cities streets, that are related to this imagination. These environments, characterized by collective consumption and entertainment, are corporate public spaces and the sites of social spectacle. The basis of the themed narratives are first and foremost nostalgic references to the past of the cities, mass dreams and media fantasies.

11

THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LITERATURE: FASHION OR METHOD?

100%

Kosowska E.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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vol. 49

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issue 4

3-19

EN

Modern narratology has helped reveal the meaning of anthropological texts. It is thus worth addressing the question of whether suitable interpretations of the referential layer in literary texts would not help us understand the culture to which the text refers. The proposed anthropology of literature, which has already been partially achieved, is an attempt to link the two disciplines and provides a methodological justification of the value of such a fusion.

12

NEWCOMERS AND CHANGES IN THE SILESIAN MINING COMMUNITY USING MURCKI AND LEDZINY AS EXAMPLES

100%

Nawrocki T.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 4

137-156

EN

Using the British 'Mining Communities Studies', the author analyses the transformation of traditional Silesian mining communities under the influence of newcomers from outside the region. He utilises the results of monograph research conducted in three mining communities (Grodziec, Murcki and Ledziny) . He pays particular attention to the movement away from the integrated mining community towards changes in the cultural capital and the model of the family.

13

EVENT, EXPERIENCE AND NARRATING (Sundmus, kogemus ja jutustamine)

100%

Salmi-Niklander K.

Mäetagused

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2009

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vol. 43

19-38

EN

The article analyzes the interdependency of event, experience, and narrating. What does the event consist of in academic historical research and in oral history? How do narrators define events in everyday life, when reminiscing and narrating? The article discusses the event as the common area of history and anthropology. The aim of the article is to search for new information on historical processes that are observed through the experience of contemporaries of such events by analysing the interdependency of the event and the experience, and how they are expressed. A precise analysis of two event narratives that remain in the borderland of oral and written expression is used to disclose the processes of social breakthrough in the 1890s: women entering the previously male-dominated areas of life and the resulting power struggle, the activities of temperance societies in changing student life, the development of new communities and new means of expression. The narrative styles and genre transformation were caused by the fact that the existing means of expression were inadequate for recording the changes that occurred and were perceived in the society.

14

'MACHO' VERSUS 'MARICÓN'. OF MEXICAN MASCULINITY

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Hryciuk R. E.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 4

53-79

EN

In Mexican culture there exist various conceptions of cultural gender. The concept of hegemonism is considered to be super masculinity - known as machismo and defined as the image of a 'real man' and thereby defining other versions of masculinity as inadequate or inferior. The latter which contradict the normal pattern - which is best illustrated through homosexuality - with time become alternative ideologies and expand the repertoires of the gender discussions which have functioned in Mexican culture since the beginning of this century. The article contains attempts to investigate the process and the expansion of the images of masculinity functioning within the Mexican national culture from the moment that the nation was created to the present time - on the basis of cultural literature (including popular culture) and discoveries on the part of historians and anthropologists.

15

THE ENIGMA OF THE GIFT. MAURICE GODELIER ON THE REASONS WHY CERTAIN THINGS ARE INALIENABLE (Zagadka daru jako problem kulturoznawczy.Maurice Godelier o tym, dlaczego nie wszystko podlega wymianie)

100%

Pancewicz-Puchalska M.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1(4)

262-278

EN

Since the publication of a text by Marcel Mauss titled 'The Gift', in 1924, the question of the gift exchange has earned its place in the repertoire of anthropology and other human and social sciences. The paper briefly dscusses what possible benefits for cultural studies can stem from taking up that issue. The authores argues that the discussion on the gift is polyphonic and immense, therefore different concepts of cultural studies (especially the value-oriented and the interdisciplinary-oriented) may find different aspects of the gift's characteristic interesting. Subsequently, she turns her attention to one of voices in the discussion. Maurice Godelier is a contemporary French anthropologist whose book 'The Enigma of the Gift' offers a detailed analysis of the above mentioned essay of Marcel Mauss and develops an original view on reasons why are certain things inalienable. His point of departure is Mauss' claim that gifts are reciprocated because of the spiritual mechanism which ties things to their owners. Godelier also notes that Mauss does not pay enough attention to offerings, included the category of gifts (gifts to gods), neither to relations between people, gods and the rights of ownership. According to Godelier, this leads to omitting the solution of the fundamental question posed by Mauss and underlined by many anthropologists - the question of inalienability - expressed by Anette Weiner's formula 'keeping-while-giving' and reformulated in the Godelier's 'keeping-for-giving' (as things must circulate for the society to exist, but while some of them can be possessed by their receivers in the cycle of exchange, they cannot become their ownership). In the opinion of Godelier, religion is the key to this problem. Man's relations to gods, superhuman beings and forces, relations of infinite debt and gratitude, is here understood in a somewhat durkheimian and marxist way - as a projection of human's aspects on the surrounding world, as a work of repressing man's active presence at his own origin. It does not suffice to say (as Durkheim did), that the society is the source of the sacred, but also that the social 'becomes' sacred for social reasons, that it needs opacity to produce and reproduce itself. After presenting Godelier's stance, the authoress also draws attention to his ethical motivations and the argumentation concerning the place of gift giving in the contemporary capitalist world. She wonders if his declaration and critic is coherent with formerly expressed view that gifts exchanges can be a mean of violence and domination. Pierre Bourdieu's ideas on the logic of practice are then presented as a convincing solution of the ambivalence of the gift. In conclusion, the authoress points out that practical and ethical dimensions are also those features of the gift, which make it an attractive issue for cultural studies.

16

IMMIGRANTS IN WESTERN SOCIETIES: EMANCIPATION AND INTEGRATION

100%

Pasamonik B.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 2

57-78

EN

Gender plays a central role in the decision to migrate and the composition of the migration flows. Emigration is the process experienced differently by women and men. The experience of immigration profoundly impacts on the public and private lives of women - their participation in the labour force, their religiousness, their marital roles and satisfaction, and their autonomy and self-esteem. One of the possible effects of migration is the emancipation of women. There is a direct connection between emancipation and integration. In contrast to integrated western societies emancipated immigrant women, immigrants from traditional cultures are not interested in the integration. They risk not only the loss of cultural identity, but also their own identity.

17

Hybridization of Culture in the Discussion and Concepts of Globalization

100%

Nobis A.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2007

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vol. 1

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issue 3

5-19

EN

In discussing globalization, various authors refer for different reasons to the category of hybridity and hybridization of culture. Each time it becomes a tool with the use of which they attempt to solve various, at times similar, sometimes disparate problems. Searching for answers to different questions and thus rendering the category of hybridization dissimilar meanings, social scientists engage it into contexts of manifold researches, controversies and debates. At the same time, the said category - when introduced into the realm of disputes over globalization - provokes one to pose further questions and spawns another discussions and controversies. Over the past few years the category of hybridization has become increasingly present in numerous conceptions and discourses on globalisation It has been referred to by various authors, both by the opponents and enthusiasts of globalisation, by those who lay hope in its progression and by those who fear it. In fact, even the hardest critics of certain uses and abuses of the notion of hybridization, can create new meanings and contexts for the use of it.

18

THE PHYSICAL BODY IN SOCIAL INTERACTION - BETWEEN STIGMATISATION AND ACCEPTANCE

100%

Jakubowska H.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 3

194-212

EN

The starting point for this article is Erving Goffman's concept of stigma. Referring to her own surveys, the authoress analyses Tseëlon's claim that the physical body can be treated as a stigma. She considers which aspects of the body - e.g. the natural odour, old age, illness or the absence of depilation - stigmatises a person most, and in which social groups. The explanation is that it depends on different approaches to the body and treating it as inherited vs. achieved.

19

ON THE LANGUAGE OF GESTURE AND ITS FUNCTION IN THE INDIAN SYSTEM OF DRAMATIC STAGE COMMUNICATION

100%

Koldrzak E.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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vol. 49

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issue 4

203-210

EN

This text presents the process of resemanticising on stage the original meanings attributed to specific hand movements used in classical Indian theatre. The basis for this discussion are chapters from 'Bharata Muni's Natyashastra' that related to the systematization of specific hand gestures and the link between the language of gestures and the aesthetic concept of theatre - the theory of 'taste' (rasa). The discussion concentrates on demonstrating a direct relationship between the meaning of gestures, dramatic space, an actor's body, his facial expressions and gestures and the process of resemanticization. In the conclusion, the process of dramatic resemanticisation is presented as the creation of systems of arbitrary signs (presented content and gestural signs) or combinations of symbols (presented content and arbitrary gestural signs) with signs (the emotional context of the presented content, i.e., the actor's facial expression and gestures).

20

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN POPULATION STUDIES AND ARCHAEOGENETICS (Mitochondrialny DNA w badaniach populacyjnych i archeogenetyce)

100%

Golas A.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2010

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vol. 62

9-33

EN

The growing interest in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis is due to its inheritance manner, circular DNA stability, high copy number per cell and mutational rate. These features give possibility to study mtDNA isolated from modern humans as well as from ancient samples. What is more, analysis of mtDNA from present populations enables to conclude about their history. Mitochondrial DNA variation level indicates, if for example, demic expansion structured today genetic composition. Thanks to modern mtDNA analysis migrations direction and other demographic events can be dated back without problematic extraction and analysis of ancient DNA. Not only the existence of well defined, continental specific mtDNA clades was shown, but also group specific lineages were revealed. Molecular methods enabled discrimination between related mtDNAs and detailed phylogenetic tree of female lineages was drawn. Analysis of mtDNA supported a hypothesis about modern Homo sapiens origin in Africa, and led light on migratory routes in Asia, Europe and the Americas.

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FIELD TRIPS AS RITES OF PASSAGE

AREAS OF (THE THEORY OF) INTERPRETATION (Miejsce (teorii) interpretacji)

THE PALEODIET OF INDIVIDUALS BURIED IN THE BURIAL MOUND IN GABULTÓW

THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LITERATURE, LITERARY ANTHROPOLOGY: BETWEEN CULTURAL RESEARCH AND 'ANTHROPOLOGICAL DREAM'

BETWEEN SCAVENGING AND ARCHAEOLOGY. PRESENT AND HISTORIC EXPERIENCES AMONG UNEMPLOYED MINERS FROM WALBRZYCH

NON-FRONTAL GAZE. ANAMORPHOSIS IN MODERN IDEAS OF REPRESENTATION (Kulisowe spojrzenie.Anamorfoza w nowozytnych ideach reprezentacji)

TELLURIC ANDALUSIA IN FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA'S 'BLOODY WEDDING'

POLISH DEATH (Polska kostucha)

A WOMAN IN A CITY - A CITY IN A WOMAN. FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF ELFRIEDE JELINEK (Kobieta w miescie - miasto w kobiecie. Przyklad Elfriede Jelinek)

THE THEMING OF CITY IMAGINATION (Tematyzacja miejskiej wyobrazni)

THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF LITERATURE: FASHION OR METHOD?

NEWCOMERS AND CHANGES IN THE SILESIAN MINING COMMUNITY USING MURCKI AND LEDZINY AS EXAMPLES