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Majątki ziemiańskie okolic Urzędowa na przełomie XIX i XX w. a proces uprzemysłowienia

100%

Wnuk A.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2010

issue 07

61-81

Industrialization of rural Polish lands, especially in Lublin and Urzędów region, was lagging behind comparing with the changes which were taken place in Western European countries. Landlords education (such as Institute of Agriculture and Forestry in Marymont near Warsaw, Farm and Forestry Institute in Puławy), reading and travelling to other countries made them to revise their methods of farm management. The landlords of Urzędów region, such as Gosiewski from Radlin, Nowakowski from Ratoszyn, Piasecki from Popkowice, Zembrzuski from Moniaki, Kochanowski from Łopiennik, Mazurkiewicz and Węgliński from Ostrów as well as Hempel from Skorczyce, were motivated by the new methods of rural management and people care. The lack of capital, poor development of road and railway network, the First World War damage caused some difficulties in rural industrialization process. The types of cultivation grown were matched by the estate owners to the raw material resources required in agro-food industry. Industrial plants, especially beetroots, potatoes, barley, hops started to be grown in giant farms (folwarks). They provided the needed mainstay of raw material for the sugar factory, distillery, breweries and starch factory. The interesting example of a modern landlord was Jan Kleniewski from Kluczkowice, who faced up to the challenges of that time. His achievement was the development of agro-food industry: distillery, breweries, sawmill, turpentine factory, parquet factory, shingle factory, tile factory, wickerwork factory, sugar factory. The next industrially advanced farm belonged to the family of Piasecki from Popkowice, where starch factory, brewery, sawmill, brick yard and windmill were established. Unfortunately, the development of other farms in Urzędów region was worse. Some of them had only such industrial facilities as windmills, distilleries and sawmills.The landlords had their own ideas concerning the rural industrialization in the country. Leon Hempel from Skorczyce raised an issue of a rural small scale industry. The activity of landlords community representatives from Urzędów region in the field of industrialization shows the changing of their points of view, which concerns not only the modern methods of farming in rural regions but also their industrial development as well.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior. The Role of Lack of Control and Risk Perception on Stockpiling

51%

Maison D., Adamczyk D., Wnuk A., Oleksy T.

Problemy Zarządzania

2022

vol. 20

issue 3(97)

4-26

Cel: pandemia COVID-19 gwałtownie zmieniła życie ludzi na całym świecie w zakresie zarówno zdrowia, codziennych nawyków, pracy, jak i zachowań konsumenckich. Celem badania było zmierzenie intensywności gromadzenia zapasów w Polsce jako odpowiedzi na pojawienie się pandemii COVID-19 oraz zbadanie roli czynników psychologicznych (poczucie kontroli i subiektywne postrzeganie ryzyka zakażenia koronawirusem) dla gromadzenia różnych rodzajów produktów. Metodologia: badanie przeprowadzono w kwietniu 2020 roku na ogólnopolskiej reprezentatywnej próbie losowo-kwotowej (n=1046) krótko po wykryciu pierwszego zakażenia COVID-19 w Polsce. W tym czasie w Polsce, podobnie jak w wielu innych krajach, zaobserwowano pewne zmiany w zachowaniach zakupowych, zwłaszcza zwiększoną częstotliwość zakupów i intensywność gromadzenia zapasów. Wyniki: wyniki pokazały, że czynniki wpływające na zachowania konsumentów, takie jak robienie zapasów czy większe wydatki na zakupy związane i niezwiązane z pandemią, są wyjaśniane nie tylko przez zmienne demograficzne, lecz także przez czynniki psychologiczne, takie jak doświadczenie braku kontroli i strach przed zakażeniem koronawirusem. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: badanie ma implikacje dotyczące zarządzania sprzedażą i logistyką. W sytuacji kryzysowej (nie tylko bezpośrednio związanej z kryzysem gospodarczym i konsumpcją) zarówno producenci podstawowych produktów, jak i ich sprzedawcy powinni być przygotowani na zwiększone zainteresowanie zakupem tych produktów i odpowiednio zapewnić ich dostęp konsumentom. Wskazane byłoby również kontrolowanie komunikatów w przestrzeni publicznej, które mogłyby wywołać niepokój.

Purpose: The coronavirus pandemic has suddenly changed the lives of people all over the world, both in terms of their health, everyday habits, work, and the patterns of their consumer behavior. The goal of our study was first to examine the intensity of stockpiling in Poland that appeared in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the role of psychological factors (sense of control over the pandemic and subjective perception of the risk of getting infected with the coronavirus) for different dimensions of stockpiling. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in April 2020 on a nationwide representative random-quota sample (n=1,046) shortly after the first COVID-19 infection was diagnosed in Poland. At the time, certain changes in shopping behavior, especially increased purchase frequencies and stockpiling intensity, were observed in Poland, similarly to many other countries. Findings: The results showed that the factors affecting consumer behavior, such as making supplies or spending more on pandemic-related and unrelated items, are explained not only by demographic variables but also by psychological factors such as the experience of a lack of control and fear of being infected with the coronavirus. Research limitations/implications: The study has managerial implications regarding sales and logistics management. In an emergency situation (not only directly related to the economic crisis and consumption), both producers of basic products and retailers should be prepared for increased interest in the purchase of these products and provide access to consumers accordingly. Controlling communications in public spaces that could generate anxiety would be advisable too. Originality/value: The conducted study shows that the shopping behavior during the onset of the COVID‑19 pandemic was predicted by fear of the coronavirus and feelings of a lack of control.

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1 Problemy Zarządzania

1 Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

2 Wnuk A.

1 Adamczyk D.

1 Maison D.

1 Oleksy T.

1 2022

1 2010

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Majątki ziemiańskie okolic Urzędowa na przełomie XIX i XX w. a proces uprzemysłowienia

The Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior. The Role of Lack of Control and Risk Perception on Stockpiling