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Anatomia porażki wyborczej, red. Anna Pacześniak

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EN
The reviewed book pertains to the issue of changes which political parties undergo after an electoral defeat. The defeat is regarded is a critical organizational challenge, usually yielding divergent results. The discussed research problem deserves a refl ection of political science, as electoral defeats are an immanent part of the democratic order. The research problem is precisely defi ned and consequently realized by the members of the research team; subsequent articles attest to a thought-through, coherent research concept, in line with the studies analyzing sources and consequences of changes within political parties. In subsequent articles authors focus on both endogenous and exogenous factors triggering the change, presenting parties as actors employing both reactive and proactive strategies. The book shall be recommended to all readers interested in the problematic aspects of political parties. Its strength is its inherent coherency (rarity as regards collective works) and the consequent realization of the defi ned research goal.
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Zasada podziału władzy a koncepcja veto players

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EN
One of the fundamental challenges which political decision-makers must face is the proper construction of the system of public authority. Its proper organisation should protect it from two undesirable extreme situations: tyranny and anarchy. Hence, one of the key systemic principles in modern democracies is separation of powers. This principle is firmly established in the tradition of research on institutions. In the article an attempt is made at presenting the principle in accordance with the neoinstitutional approach. The point of reference is the concept of veto players, which is particularly helpful in analysing separation of powers in its functional dimension. It allows one to see that the legal sanctioning of the principle does not provide sufficient protection from overt cumulation of power by one political actor. Its efficiency depends on extra-institutional factors determining political rivalry.
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EN
The constitution is a basic element of the modern democracy. It sets the framework in which political life is conducted, and also contains a catalogue of incentives conducive to creating a democratic political culture. The article focuses on the role of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 in the process of democratic consolidation. Two aspects of this issue are addressed. The first of them relates to the process of adopting the constitution and the second concerns the implementation of its rules in practical terms. The author tests the hypothesis that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland has played a positive role in the democratic consolidation process. At the same time, he demonstrates that the basic law cannot be regarded as a real guarantee of the continued existence of a democratic political regime. The success of the process of democratic consolidation of democracy depends on both the formal institutional structure and the socio-political and cultural character of the environment in which it operates.
EN
The article is devoted to the level of cohesion of parliamentary factions in the first year of the activity of the 9th Sejm of the Republic of Poland. It was assumed that a high level of cohesion renders political factions the most important participants of political competition at the parliamentary level. Low faction cohesion, on the other hand, would result in a transfer of competition to non-formal parliamentary structure levels. Additionally, the hypothesis that the smaller the parliamentary faction is, the lower level of cohesion it represents was tested. In a small group, behaviours of so-called dissidents, i.e. MPs voting differently comparing to the majority of its members, are more visible than in large factions. The research problem was solved on the basis of an analysis of 2323 votes, for which a modified version of the agreement index of Simon Hix was used. It is founded on the assumption that MPs choose between not three, but four options (“yes”, “no”, “abstain” or not taking part in a vote).
EN
The paper reports the Third International Asian Congress “The Changing Role of Asia in the Contemporary World” that took place in Toruń on May 18–20, 2016. It presents the range and scope of the conference and its main scientific results. The conference report describes influence of the Congress on the development of Asian studies in Central Europe, as well as the reception of this event, including participating diplomats, policy–makers and respected scholars. Moreover, it briefly presents accompanying events of the Congress and its unique character of the place where politics, business, science and culture can merge together.
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