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1
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Platonism and Contemporary Kosmology

100%
Szcześniak M.
Filozofia Nauki
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1998
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vol. 6
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issue 3-4
165-169
PL
Review of: Andrej Nikolaevfë Pavlenko, "Evropejskaja kosmologija. Osnovanija epistemologiceskogo povrota", Intrada, Moskva 1997.
2
Content available remote

Ken J. Rotenberg (red.), Interpersonal trust during childhood and adolescence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010 (Recenzja)

100%
Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2012
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vol. 15
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issue 1
115-119
3
Content available remote

Susan Sprecher, Amy Wenzel, John Harvey (red.), Handbook of relationship initiation, New York: Psychology Press, 2008

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Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2010
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vol. 13
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issue 2
201-205
4
Content available remote

Robert A. Emmons, Michael E. Mc Cullough, The psychology of gratitude, New York: Oxford University Press 2004, ss. 368

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Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2005
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vol. 8
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issue 1
145-151
5
Content available remote

Jessica L. Tracy, Richard W. Robins, June Price Tangney (red.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research, New York: The Guilford Press 2007

100%
Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 1
182-186
6
Content available remote

Indirect reciprocity: The concept and psychological mechanisms

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Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 2
107-129
EN
The paper has an exploratory character and provides an overview of selected perspectives on both downstream (“as you scratch someone else’s back, I will scratch yours”) and upstream (“pay it forward”) versions of indirect reciprocity. Sociobiologists’ point of view is presented, as their work has contributed to the fact that the reciprocity of openness to a third party has become a subject of research in other scientific fields. Next, the concept of downstream and upstream indirect reciprocity is explained, according to the nomenclature used by selected mathematical biologists and economists. Finally, a psychological view of both forms of indirect reciprocity (positive and negative) is given through theoretical considerations, examples of empirical studies, as well as selected mechanisms and determinants that may underlie the phenomenon.
7
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Wdzięczność w świetle wybranych koncepcji psychologiczno-społecznych

100%
Szcześniak M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2007
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vol. 10
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issue 1
93-111
PL
Wprawdzie wdzięczność jest jedną z najbardziej „łączących” rzeczywistości, które regulują relacje międzyludzkie, i jako taka od dawna jest wysoce wartościowana w literaturze filozoficznej i teologicznej, to w dziedzinie psychologii przez długi czas nie cieszyła się zainteresowaniem. Status wdzięczności, jako „zapomnianej” i słabej emocji, powoli zaczął być przełamywany dzięki kilku wybitnym teoretykom, którzy zaoferowali wyjaśnienie zjawiska wdzięczności i zwrócili uwagę na istotne mechanizmy jej wzbudzania. Niniejszy artykuł jest przede wszystkim próbą historyczno-przeglądowej prezentacji wdzięczności w świetle wybranych koncepcji psychologiczno-społecznych, które zostały wypracowane przez takich autorów, jak Heider, Weiner, Maslow, Ortony, Emmons, McCullough, Fredrickson, Buck, Wojciszke i Kemper. Część historyczno-przeglądowa poprzedzona jest wstępem przedstawiającym zarys leksykalnych i filozoficznych ujęć wdzięczności.
EN
Although gratitude has privilege to be one of the most bonding realities regulating people’s relations and as such has been highly valued in philosophical and theological literature, in the field of psychological science for a long time it was not considered as a topic worthy of consideration. The status of gratitude as a neglected and weak emotion was gradually overcome thanks to various theorists who explained the phenomenon of gratitude and clarified the essential mechanisms of its development. The present article is primarily an attempt of concise historical presentation of gratitude in the light of chosen social–psychological theories, which were elaborated by such authors as: Heider, Weiner, Maslow, Ortony, Lazarus, Emmons, McCullough, Fredrickson, Buck, Wojciszke and Kemper. Theoretical accomplishments of the above-mentioned authors and other topics related to conceptualization of gratitude explicate complexity and multidimensional character of this construct. Historical presentation is preceded by linguistic and philosophical outline concerning gratitude.
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Are proneness to forgive, optimism and gratitude associated with life satisfaction?

63%
Szcześniak M., Soares E.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 1
20-23
EN
The main aim of the current study was to examine whether and how life satisfaction is related to propensity to forgive one’s transgressor. Additionally, it also explored the relationship between life satisfaction and other chosen psychological variables, such as optimism and gratitude. The study involved 338 persons between 16 and 83 years of age. For the measurement of psychological variables the following research tools were used: Satisfaction With Life Scale, Transgression- Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory, Gratitude Questionnaire, and Learned Optimism Test. Among the study participants satisfaction with life was positively correlated with the conviction about a permanent and ubiquitous nature of positive events, optimism and gratitude. The study also observed a negative correlation between satisfaction with life, the motivation for revenge and avoidance motivation, and the perception of a permanent and ubiquitous nature of adverse events.
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Co się stanie, gdy mi pomożesz? Spojrzenie międzykulturowe na wzajemność pośrednią

63%
Nieznanska A. A., Szcześniak M.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2009
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vol. 4
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issue 4(12)
214-227
EN
Some of the most basie ąuestions concerning human reactions to kindness or helping behaviour of others are centred around issues of gratitude, appreciation or direct reciprocity (I help you, you help me). However, theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that indirect reciprocity (I help you, somebody will help me; You help me, I will help someone else) also is a part of the vast rangę of relational interactions. The article examines the topie of indirect reciprocity, especially in its "upstream" version, from a cultural perspective. The research was conducted on the group of 294 participants (98 Hindu, 98 Polish, and 98 Italian students).
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Pokolenie „ani-ani”: o młodzieży, która się nie uczy, nie pracuje i nie dba o samokształcenie

63%
Szcześniak M., Rondon G.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 3(18)
241-251
EN
On 12 August 2010, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the year 2010–2011 as the “International Year of Youth”. On this occasion, during his opening address, United Nations Secretary, Ban Ki-moon, urged people of every nation to invest in young people and to give them the possibility of taking an active part in decision making. In such an approach he saw an opportunity for the renewal of mankind. Because young people, regardless of their country of origin, struggle with the negative consequences of our current economic crisis, it is an urgent priority to focus on two main problems, which they experience: difficulties with access to education and lack of work. It is the aim of this article to introduce the situation of young people, who are not receiving formal education, employment or training. In order to do this, the notion of generation NEET is explained, the presence of this world-wide phenomenon is portrayed and its causes are presented.
11
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Development of interpersonal trust among children and adolescents

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Szcześniak M., Colaço M., Rondón G.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 1
50-58
EN
The main purpose of the present article is to introduce a topic related to the development of interpersonal trust among children and adolescents. Although this subject, since the beginnings of psychology considered as an academic discipline, has been regarded as an essential component of human functioning, there are still very few theoretical and empirical studies that approach the issue from a developmental point of view. In this paper the three-dimensional conceptualization of interpersonal trust is provided. Furthermore, the article highlights the past and current theoretical and empirical research on the development of interpersonal trust in infants, preschool and school-age children. Finally, some challenges are presented in the field of interpersonal trust studies.
12
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The foremost gift or the impossible ideal to reach? Valorial components of forgiveness among Italian adolescents

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Szcześniak M., Vitali M., Rondón G.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 3
199-209
EN
The foremost gift or the impossible ideal to reach? Valorial components of forgiveness among Italian adolescents In the year 2006, the American Psychological Association published a series of Research Briefs brochures to make available to the public short outlines on contemporary psychological studies of themes relevant to the United Nations’ mission. One of the items that was listed and given a considerable attention within the psychological fi eld was ‘forgiveness’. That initiative, despite the fact that forgiveness has been considered rather a theological issue, has generated a great interest among psychologists, thus leading them to undertake some projects on forgiveness. In accordance with this concept of forgiveness, we chose in this research to investigate an individual’s ability to forgive as related to a basic human value. The study involved 274 Italian adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age. To measure variables involved in the research we used the following instruments: Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-12), The Marital Offence-Specifi c Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) adapted to the adolescents’ sample, Trait Forgiveness Scale (TFS), and Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). The results obtained in the study show that forgiveness is positively related to selftranscendent and conservation values, and negatively correlated with self-enhancement and openness to change values.
13
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Poczucie sensu życia a samoocena osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową – doniesienie wstępne

51%
Kroplewski Z., Mikuć J., Szcześniak M.
Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo
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2018
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issue 1(39)
47-63
PL
Celem badania była weryfikacja poziomu poczucia sensu życia i samooceny u osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową; ocena zależności między wymienionymi zmiennymi; sprawdzenie, czy i w jakim stopniu wybrane zmienne demograficzne (płeć, miejsce zamieszkania, wiek, przyczyna i okres nabycia niepełnosprawności), różnicują poziom sensu życia i samooceny w grupie badanych osób. W tym calu wykorzystano Test Sensu Życia (Purpose in Life Test, PIL), opracowany przez J.C. Crumbaugha i L.T. Maholicka oraz Skalę Samooceny (Self-Esteem Scale, SES) M. Rosenberga. Wynik globalny poczucia sensu życia i samooceny u osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową są zbliżone do rezultatów uznanych za normę wśród osób pełnosprawnych. Wraz ze wzrostem samooceny wśród badanych rosną również: cel, sens i afirmacja życia, ocena siebie, ocena własnego życia, wolność i odpowiedzialność oraz ogólne poczucie sensu życia. Kobiety nie różnią się od mężczyzn pod względem poczucia sensu życia i poziomu samooceny. Osoby mieszkające w miastach mają wyższy poziom poczucia sensu życia niż w mniejszych miejscowościach. Osoby z niepełnosprawnością z powodu choroby wykazują wyższy wynikiem w zakresie stosunku do śmierci i samobójstwa niż osoby z niepełnosprawnością z powodu wady wrodzonej. Okres nabycia niepełnosprawności nie ma związku ani z poczuciem sensu życia, ani z samooceną. Wyższy poziom samooceny charakteryzuje badanych aktywnych niż osoby nieaktywne. W celach prewencyjnych i terapeutycznych, istotne dla harmonijnego życia w kontekście niepełnosprawności ruchowej jest rozwijanie osobistych zasobów człowieka, zwłaszcza poczucia sensu życia i własnej wartości.
EN
The purpose of this research was to look at how people with physical disability describe the meaning of life and their self-esteem. We also evaluated the relationship between above-mentioned concepts; verified whether and to what extent selected demographic variables (gender, place of residence, cause and duration of disability) influenced the meaning of life and self-esteem in the group of disabled participants. To achieve these goals the Purpose in Life Test, PIL, developed by J.C. Crumbaugh and L.T. Maholick, and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) by M. Rosenberg were used. The global perception of the meaning of life and self-esteem in physically disabled was similar to the normalized results for healthy people. With an increase of self-esteem among the respondents, the following criteria were also higher: purpose, meaning and affirmation of life, self-evaluation, life assessment, freedom and responsibility, and a general feeling of the meaning in life. Women did not differ from men in terms of the meaning of life and the level of self-esteem. People living in cities had a higher scorings on the meaning of life than those living in small towns. People with acquired physical disabilities had higher scorings in their attitude to death and suicide than those with congenital disability. The time of disability acquisition had connection neither with the meaning of life nor self-esteem. A higher level of self-assessment characterized more active than inactive persons. For preventive and therapeutic purposes, it is important to build up individual’s personal resources, especially the meaning of life and self-esteem, for a harmonious life in the context of physical disability.
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