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Sběratelský artefakt, nebo projev konfesionality? Bible v knihovnách české renesanční šlechty:

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Veselá L., Marek J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
5-27
EN
The extant research on the role of the Bible during the Reformation has focused primarily on then-efforts to make the biblical text widely accesible. On the contrary, book collections of this period have not received sufficient attention, even though it is obvious that both printed and manuscript Bibles were not only read during the second half of the 16th century, but they also became objects of purposeful collecting. The most extensive collections of Bibles in the Czech Lands prior to 1620 could be found in the libraries of the Rosenberg Family (the total of 10,000 books out of which 165 were Bibles) and of Ferdinand Hoffmann of Grünbüchl (almost 4,000 books out of which 140 were printed Bibles and there were probably also dozens of biblical manuscripts). Their comparison showed that the noble owners paid extraordinary attention to their collections, yet in a slightly different manner. The owners’ confessionality influenced their Bible collections only to a limited extent – although the Bibles in both collections fulfilled a role of a symbolic expression of piety, they served mainly as collectors’ items.
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Jan Caramuel z Lobkovic. Otázky interpretace jeho původu

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Kasík, Černocká S., Kopička P., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 2
185-242
EN
The article introduces a spectrum of interpretations pertaining to the kinship of famous scholar Juan Caramuel and the Bohemian noble Family of Lobkowicz that have been appearing since 1639 well to the present. Its purpose is to verify various interpretations and their sources and to confront them with facts presented in both hand-written and printed sources of various provenience and especially with the ones in the family archives of the House of Lobkowicz. The performed research has shown that the answer to the main question: Was Juan Caramuel really kindred with the Princes from the House of Lobkowicz and thus distantly also with many noble families from central and southern Europe? – has to be negative, although many ingenious theories stemming from misleading information used to genealogically connect him with these families in the past.
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Spolubratr císař : Habsburští panovníci v matrikách barokních náboženských bratrstev v českých zemích

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Mikulec J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 2
279-319
EN
The study deals with the topic of inscribing the Habsburg Monarchy rulers and their family members into registers of the members of religious confraternities which existed in the Bohemian Lands during the period 1620–1750. The study follows from a sample of 26 confraternities in the registers of which there is evidenced at least one entry made personally by the ruler. It studies the reasons why the heads of the Habsburg Monarchy made these entries. It also discusses the importance of their entries in the registers for the individual confraternities as well as the circumstances under which these entries were made. The study also deals with the question of whether the rulers’ membership in the given religious confraternities, which ensued from the inscription into the given registers, was only symbolic and purely formal, or if it could practical implications as well. The cases when the confraternities claimed that they were protected by the ruler, although no evidence of the ruler being inscribed in the register existed, are discussed as well.
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"(…) a tak Její Veličenstvo nejmilostivěji nařizuje, aby byl také tento nešvar odstraněn". Císařovna Marie Terezie jako patronka Tereziánského ústavu šlechtičen v Praze:

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Žáková M., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
109-141
EN
The study analyzes activities of Maria Theresa as the foundress and patroness of the Theresian Foundation for Noblewomen at Prague Castle. The Foundation was established in 1755 and served as a prominent care giving institution for unmarried women from noble families. Attention is paid for instance to the issue of patrons’ motivation, the way individual members of the Foundation were chosen as well as to individual factors that influenced the granting of the Empress’s support. Furthermore, particular forms of Maria Theresa’s patronage activities connected with the everyday functioning of the Foundation are observed – especially the ways of communication with the leading representatives, the development of personal ties with the members of the socalled body of superior ladies, as well as forms of active involvement in the routine functioning of the Foundation through issuance of new directives to which the Empress resorted in reaction to repeated breaches of current regulations. The study also focuses on the figure of the first abbess of the Foundation at Hradčany, the Empress’s eldest daughter Archduchess Marie Anna (1738-1789).
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Mediální obraty v německojazyčné publicistice severních a severozápadních Čech během dvacátých let 16. století:

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Černý J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
53-71
EN
The third decade of the 16th century witnessed a huge increase in the production of leaflets in the German Empire. The evangelically oriented elite, who was active in Benešov nad Ploučnicí, Děčín, Jáchymov and Loket at that time, also participated in this increase by publishing several pamphlets in German language. This study thus strives to introduce this region as one of the centers of Reformation literature where several of the so-called printing natives were active at the same time. These people were exploring the possibilities of a relatively new media in their pamphlets and developing various literary strategies. Yet because they attributed different functions to their treatises, they also employed different approaches. Moreover, the form of the published texts and the ability to use various media approaches highly depended on the extent to which Wittenberg was involved in the process of their creation, with which the local elite maintained lively contacts.
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Blatný Potok (Sárospatak), významné centrum reformovanej knižnej kultúry v Hornom Uhorsku v 17. storočí

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Kónyová A., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 2
243-257
EN
History of the reformed book culture in Sárospatak during the 17th century was very closely linked with three institutions: a reformed school, a printing office and a school and princely library. As regards the development of Sárospatak as an important center of the reformed confession in Upper Hungary and thus of the reformed book culture as well, an irreplaceable role was played by the princely Rákóczi family. George I Rákóczi, his wife Zsuzsanna Lorántffy, as well as their son Sigismund were among the nobility whose level of education was extremely high for that time – in addition to being dedicated supporters of the Reformed Church, they were aware of the importance of education and valued it. The value they saw in education – including their support for book culture – stemmed from their deep religiousness and reformed confessional mentality. An important impulse for the development of education and book culture in Sárospatak were John Amos Comenius’ activities in the period 1650–1654. In this period, the school started to offer higher quality education and a printing office was established, which published many important works of the reformed book culture in the following decades. Although the promising development of the school and related institutions was interrupted in the last third of the 17th century, its activities were renewed in the 18th century and it has continued to function to this day.
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Die politischen Predigten des lutherischen Geistlichen Matthias Hoë von Hoënegg (1580-1645)

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Kancírová A., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 2
189-224
EN
The study analyses political sermons by Matthias Hoë von Hoënegg, the main pastor at the court of the Elector of Saxony. Political sermons constitute a noteworthy source to which the German historiography has started to pay attention only lately. These sermons were usually delivered during various political events such as indulgences or Land Diets, but they could be published also on the occasion of the ruler’s birthday. Thanks to his office, Matthias Hoë was well acquainted with the political situation at the Dresden Court during the Thirty Years’ War and his sermons thus served as a tool for legitimizing the Elector of Saxony’s political course.
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Bratrská konfesijní příslušnost Skrbenských z Hříště v kontextu rekatolizace Horního Slezska po porážce Stavovského povstání

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Brňovják J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 2
237-278
EN
The study deals with the contribution of the members of the Family Skrbenský of Hříště from Upper Silesia to preserving the tradition of the Unity of Brethren in the Bohemian Lands during the period following the Battle of White Mountain, that is during the period when the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren congregations ceased to exist and the members of the Unity of Brethren left for a foreign exile (mostly for Hungary and Poland) or converted to Catholicism. The study observes the overall genesis of the Skrbenský Family’s affiliation to the Calvinist confession or rather to the Unity of Brethren already during the period preceding the Battle of White Mountain. During this period, the main representative of the family was Jan Elder [II] Skrbenský, the Lord at Fulnek, a prominent figure of the Moravian uprising of the estates and an important supporter of the Unity of Brethren congregation in Fulnek which was headed by John Amos Comenius. The study furthermore discusses particular manifestations of the affiliation with the Unity of Brethren in the case of the family members coming from Upper Silesia (Cieszyn, Opava) during the period from the defeat of the uprising to the beginning of the 18th century, their contacts with the exiles in Hungary, Silesia and Poland as well as their de facto unsuccessful struggle with the Jesuit re-Catholicization of the Opava region during the 1670’s.
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František baron Puteani vrchním správcem panství Františka Josefa hraběte z Vrtby. Vrchnostenští úředníci a správa vrtbovských panství na přelomu 18. a 19. století

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Mírka J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 1
79-124
EN
The article deals with clerks and the administration at the Count of Vrtba’s estates towards the end of the 18th century. At that time, the count entrusted Josef František, Baron Puteani, with the administration of his estates. Puteani implemented a number of fundamental changes of both organizational and economic nature the aim of which was to modernize the administration, make it more effective and to increase yields from the estates. As a result, the process of the estates administration became more bureaucratic and higher demands were placed on the clerks regarding their education, efficiency and communication and office skills. On the other hand, they were given better salaries and more emphasis was placed on the social security of the clerks and other employees. Moreover, since the complex comprised of four individual estates, there were also better opportunities for career growth. At that time, the central administration of the Vrtba estates was strengthened as well. These organizational changes together with a number of economic measures fulfilled their purpose and they really resulted in better prosperity of the estates, especially of their agricultural plants.
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Rukopisná produkce v Čechách a na Moravě od poloviny 15. do poloviny 16. století:

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Neškudla B., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
29-52
EN
The article presents the first statistical and quantification survey on Czech production of manuscripts during the period 1450–1550. The aim is to create a picture of the manuscript production during the studied period and to outline mutual relations between the receding manuscript production and the emerging production of printed works within the Czech environment. Material used for the analysis was collected based on registers of book collections of Bohemian and Moravian libraries and archives. The results have confirmed an expected decline in the production of manuscripts – manuscripts created after 1501 constitute only less than one fifth of the total collection. However, the decline was not distributed evenly. The number of produced manuscripts fell especially in the case of religious literature and the majority of secular disciplines. As regards the topics of medicine and law, the decline is not very perceptible. This was probably caused by the fact that Bohemian printing offices did not have sufficient possibilities to produce this type of literature. This broader perspective is counterbalanced by a more detailed probe into private book collections of certain important Bohemian scholars of that time.
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Mistrovská zkouška cechů krejčích v českých zemích

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Svoboda J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 1
5-31
EN
This study deals with the establishment and course of the tailors’ master craftsmen exam in the historical territory of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Based on a comparison of sources pertaining to guilds – especially of the articles of the guild, official registers and books of tailoring patterns – the author analyzes the beginning of the master craftsmen exam in the Middle Ages, how its main characteristics (such as payments, the length of training, the course of the exam) were being formed, as well as the subsequent changes during the early modern age. Great emphasis is placed on masterpieces, their variety or the way they were made; to this aim, the author uses some up to now unknown or seldom used sources such as lists of masterpieces or protocols pertaining to the master craftsmen exams. A milestone with respect to researching the master craftsmen exam became the approval of the general articles of the guild in 1739, while this study compares regulations on the exams and masterpieces with the previous practice. Using the example of tailors from Mirošov u R okycan, the final part of this paper studies the course of the master craftsmen exam in the period following the issuance of the general articles of the guild.
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Vzdělání, vzdělávací příručky a školní literatura v prostředí jednoty bratrské v předbělohorském období

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Růčková M., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 2
169-218
EN
Throughout its entire existence, the Unity of Brethren’s approach to education was very cautious in the period preceding the Battle of White Mountain. Education – together with upbringing – constituted a coherent complex the aim of which was to gain basic knowledge and to acquire doctrinal basics of the Unity, as well as practical skills. Until the middle of the 16th century, the Unity of Brethren’s approach to education was ambivalent – since its beginnings, the Unity did not refuse basic education (reading and writing), but its relationship to higher education was reserved. Yet in the end, the higher education started to be valued as well, partly owing to external circumstances. Lay members of the Unity of Brethren were being educated in schools established by congregations of the Brethren, while upbringing and education of future priests of the Unity took place directly in the houses of the Brethren. In both cases, the Brethren used textbooks and other aids coming from domestic printing offices, as well as those of foreign origin. Youth priests of the Unity were also sent to study at foreign educational institutions, from which they brought many books upon their return. These books could later become a basis for their personal book collection, as is evidenced by the book inventory of priest Bohuslav Jafet († 1615) who had studied at Calvinist universities and academies.
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Sirotčí účty z prostředí královských měst. Příspěvek k dějinám účetnictví v 16. a na počátku 17. století

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Slavíčková P., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 2
169-184
EN
Administration of issues pertaining to orphans constituted a significant part of agendas of Bohemian and Moravian towns during the early modern age, as is evidenced by a number of preserved archival sources. The study focuses especially on entries pertaining to orphan’s accounting and it aims to present these materials in a new perspective, namely through the lens of accounting rules and principles that were characteristic of accounting records of that period. In addition to authentic documents produced by authorities (town councils) or guardians of orphans, the text also draws from various sources of normative nature such as codified town laws, expert treatises published in print and last but not least also from economic instructions. It is true that orphans’ accounts basically did not differ from accounting entries pertaining to other subjects of that time. However, the Czech Lands were known for its highly-developed system of guardianship at that time, which means that these documents carried certain specifics thanks to which they can be seen as de facto unique when it comes to research on the history of accounting systems. A typological classification of individual entries as well as a clarification of accounting mechanism on particular examples can help to shed light on limits of these entries for current researchers.
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Pěstovat nadání: reflexe smyslu vzdělání ve spisu Coltura degl’Ingegni Antonia Possevina

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Banďouch P., Reischlová D.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2022
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vol. 37
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issue 2
169-196
EN
The article deals with the treatise Coltura degli’Ingegni by Italian Jesuit Antonio Possevino (1533– 1611), the Latin original of which was part of Possevino’s work Bibliotheca selecta (1593). In addition to studying the actual text, attention is also paid to factors that contributed to its creation. These include especially the educational tradition within the Society of Jesus and Possevino’s life story – Possevino held many different offices, inter alia that of a secretary of the Order and of a papal diplomat. He came into touch with a Scandinavian environment during these diplomatic missions, which subsequently led to the establishment of Collegium Nordicum in Olomouc. As follows from the study of Possevino’s life and work, this Jesuit understood education primarily as a tool for spreading and deepening of the Catholic faith. At the same time, Possevino emphasized the importance of human freedom which he defended against the contemporary, more deterministic concepts.
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Tzv. supplementa historiae - opomíjený pramen k dějinám jezuitského řádu?

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Bobková-Valentová K., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 2
349-367
EN
Since the middle of the 1690’s, the so-called supplementa historiae belonged among the basic official documents used within the Jesuit Order to preserve the memory. They are often considered as mere summaries of annual reports of the order (litterae annuae) and thus not very frequently used by the researchers. The article describes the formation, structure and the form of this type of documents within the Bohemian Province. On the example of texts that were written in the house of the Jesuit Order in the town of Telč, it shows the relation between the supplementa and the annual reports, it evaluates their information value and it discusses their authorship.
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Distribúcia českej protestantskej literatúry v priestore stredovýchodnej Európy v 17. storočí

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Čičaj V., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 2
219-242
EN
Distribution of book literature from the invention of the printing press up to the present contains many interesting moments of cultural, social and economic nature. A journey of a book from its creation to its final recipient can be best observed in an interesting triangle a printing office — a bookseller — a library. This study follows the distribution of Czech Protestant literature by observing how the works by a leading member of the Unity of Brethren and its most eminent representative, John Amos Comenius, were spreading in the area of the early modern Kingdom of Hungary in the period ranging roughly from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. Research has confirmed a high share of Comenius’ works in private and institutional libraries of that time; this high share was ensured by activities of local pressmen and bookbinders as well as by imports from more distant foreign countries.
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K problematike patrocínií vybraných protestantských kostolov hontianskeho arcidiakonátu vo svetle vizitačných protokolov zo 17.-18. storočia

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Lukáč M., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 1
111-140
EN
The author focusses on the issue of church dedications and their changes with respect to chosen sacral buildings of protestant congregations in the historical Hontian Archdeaconry (especially in the towns of Banská Štiavnica and Krupina and the villages of Cerovo and Dačov Lom) in the context of the research on 34 other locations of evangelical (Lutheran and Calvinist) churches and prayer rooms. In doing so, it has been found out that some originally catholic dedications together with the original furnishings have been preserved, although the churches in question have been in the possession of the Lutherans in some cases for more than a century, while the patrocinations of some sacral buildings have changed. It is the gradual development that is of importance here – the withdrawal from using patrocinations and from reverence for saints in Lutheran religious congregations (partly with changed furnishings), which occurred at a faster pace in the Calvinist congregations where the reverence for saints disappeared altogether. Prescribed religious holidays (festa decretalia) were celebrated more frequently in the Lutheran environment than in the Calvinist one. Changes in the perception of the patrocinations are also evidenced in sources of secular provenience in towns, where the original catholic dedications were replaced by new names. The presented study documents the gradual and differentiated demise of the reverence for saints, which was partly accompanied by changes in the furnishings of the congregations, changes of the patrocination in several places and by the demise of the original patrocination without introducing a new one in one case.
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Zrození státního úředníka na příkladu krajského hejtmana v Čechách

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Sedláčková H., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 1
5-21
EN
Thanks to the fact that the regional governor was put on an equal footing with governorate councilors in 1783 and that he automatically gained the title of the governorate councilor two years later, he became a part of the hierarchy of the state clerks. The completion of this process came in the form of incorporating the regional governors into the fixed rank and salary brackets accompanied by the right to wear a uniform of a clerk was introduced in 1814. Preconditions for obtaining the post of the regional governor were no longer the nobility origin, but expertise, an emphasis on practical skills from the field of the state administration and the required moral qualities; the regional governor started to be considered as an important member of a newly formed social class labeled as bureaucracy.
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Jan Labounský z Labouně a knižní kultura nižší šlechty:

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Just J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
73-105
EN
The study attempts to reconstruct the life of Knight Jan Labounský of Labouně, his confessional ties that can be observed on his relations with the Unity of Brethren and his intellectual interests that are reflected in preserved prints and manuscripts from his book collection. As such, the study also contributes to the topic of the book culture of the early modern age and to studies of aristocratic libraries.
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Evangelický církevní řád z Velkého Meziříčí jako podklad integračních snah moravských evangelíků z konce 16. století

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Hrdlička J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2021
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vol. 36
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issue 1
33-54
EN
The study compares an undated text of an evangelical church ordinance found in the archive of the town of Lipník nad Bečvou probably from the beginning of the 1590s with a church ordinance that was created at an assembly of the evangelical nobility and clergy in Velké Meziříčí in October 1576, the final version of which was printed in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1581 and 1584. These textually very similar sources were studied in the context of integration attempts of Moravian evangelicals that took place in the last third of the 16th century and were meant to lead to a creation of a unified evangelical religious organization for the entire land. The study follows engagements of individual actors in these attempts, the basis of which was the church ordinance from Velké Meziříčí. It focusses especially on the role of the evangelical nobility that was involved in the making of the order from Velké Meziříčí and subsequently strove to disseminate it. It also discusses support the evangelical nobility and clergy sought for their activities in the Holy Roman Empire. In conclusion, the study attempts to answer the question as to why all these attempts to constitute a supraregional evangelical religious organization in Moravia failed. The study is based on evangelical sources and on the study of written documents by their catechismal opponents from among the Catholics and the Unity of Brethren.
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