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PL
Celem podstawowym wykonanych badań jest porównanie poziomu opieki medycznej i sytuacji zdrowotnej ludności w województwach. Celem dodatkowym jest poszukiwanie czynników, które mają największy związek ze śmiertelnością z powodu Covid-19. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę TOPSIS oraz współczynnik korelacji Pearsona. Badania pokazały, że poziom opieki medycznej w województwach jest zróżnicowany, znacznie bardziej niż sytuacja zdrowotna jej mieszkańców. Sporządzone rankingi pozwoliły wyodrębnić województwa, w których poziom opieki medycznej jest relatywnie lepszy, oraz te w których występują zaniedbania. Największy związek śmiertelności z powodu Covid-19 ma liczba zachorowań na grypę (im więcej mieszkańców chorowało na grypę w przeszłości, tym mniejsza była śmiertelność), choć związek ten jest słaby. Wyniki badań, wskazujące obszary zaniedbań, mogą być przydatne do podejmowanych działań w celu poprawy stanu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce.
EN
The main aim of the research is to compare the level of medical care and the health situation of the population in voivodships. An additional goal is to look for factors that are most associated with Covid-19 death rate. The TOPSIS method and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used in the research. Research has shown that the level of medical care in voivodships varies, much more so than the health situation of its inhabitants. The prepared rankings allowed to distinguish voivodships in which the level of medical care is relatively better and those in which there is neglect. The Covid-19 death rate is most closely related to the number of flu cases (the more people who have had influenza in the past, the lower the death rate), although the relationship is weak. The research results, indicating areas of neglect, may be useful in taking actions aimed at improving the state of health care in Poland.
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EN
In the following work we have described a process of using radar charts to measure concentration of a distribution. The process utilises the idea of Gini index based on a Lorenz curve as well as a method presented by the authors in [Binderman, Borkowski, Szczesny 2010]. The presented technique can also be used by analysts to create new coefficients of concentration based on measures of similarity and dissimilarity of objects so that from the set of constructed coefficients one that best fulfils the required criteria of sensitivity can be chosen.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę zmian struktury wartości eksportu produktów rolnych w Polsce w latach 1980 – 2010 w porównaniu z innymi krajami UE. Do analizy porównawczej wybraliśmy następujące kraje UE: Niemcy, Francję, Wielka Brytanię, Holandię, Hiszpanię oraz Włochy. Do badania zmian struktury eksportu w okresie 31 lat wykorzystaliśmy uogólniony wskaźnik Giniego oraz jedno z narzędzi gradacyjnej analizy odpowiedniości i skupień (GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis). Analiza wykazała różny poziom zróżnicowania struktur eksportu produktów rolnych w badanych krajach.
EN
In this work we analyzed the changes of the structure of value of agriculture products’ exports in Poland during 1980 – 210 in comparison to other EU countries. In this comparative analysis we chose those EU countries whose largest fraction of exports is constituted by agriculture products: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. To study the changes of the structure of export of agriculture products during those 31 years we used multidimensional analysis methods: Gini index and GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis. To visualize the differentiation of structures of export of agriculture products we used overrepresentation maps (prepared in GradeStat). Analysis was based on 9 groups of agriculture products in million USD: live animals (S2-00), meat and preparations (S2-01), dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), cereals and cereal preparations (S2-04), vegetables and fruit (S2-05), suger, suger preparations and honey (S2-06), coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof (S2-07), feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals (S2-08), miscellaneous edible products and preparations (S2-09). The completed studies have shown a large differentiation of the structure of export of agriculture products in all researched countries. However, the largest differentiation was present in Poland. A significantly high dynamic of growth was observed within three groups of products: dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), vegetables and fruit (S2-05). The participation of those groups in the country’s export has been steadily growing. On the other hand, the participation of until now standard groups of agriculture products (unprocessed: live animals (S2-00) and meat and preparations (S2-01)) has been decreasing.
EN
In the following work a new method was proposed to study similarity of objects’ structures. This method is an adaptation of radar methods of objects’ ordering and cluster analysis, which are being developed by the authors. The value added by the authors is the construction of measures for conformability of structures of two objects. Those measures may also be used to define similarities between given objects. Proposed measures are independent of the order of features.
EN
In the following work we presented a method of using radar charts to calculate measures of conformability of two objects according to formulasgiven by, among others, Dice, Jaccard, Tanimoto and Tversky. This method incorporates another one presented by the authors of this study [Binderman, Borkowski, Szczesny 2010]. Presented methods can be also utilized to define similarities between given objects, as well as to order and group objects. Measures described in this work satisfy the condition of stability as they do not depend on the order of studied features.
PL
Praca jest bezpośrednią kontynuacją badań autorów i A. Prokopenyi [Binderman, Borkowski, Szczesny 2012, 2013, Binderman, Borkowski, Prokopenya, Szczesny, 2013, 2013a], dotyczących budowy nowych wskaźników koncentracji i ich stabilności. W niniejszej pracy podano nowe współczynniki koncentracji i zgodnie z wymaganymi postulatami, zbadano ich wrażliwość. Współczynniki te wykorzystują metryki Minkowskiego .
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