Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The paper presents events that had preceded the work on the drafting of matrimonial law for the territory of Poland established at the Vienna Congress (1815) as an autonomous unit under the name the Kingdom of Poland, formerly under the occupation of the Russian Empire. The existing Napoleon Code that applied to that territory provided for a lay character of matrimony and as such was opposed by the Roman Catholic church. As a result, the dispute concerning the nature of the state matrimonial law that continued between 1818 and 1830 ended in the implementation in 1836 of a law of a mixed character that combined elements of the lay and well as religious approaches. That law had remained in force until 1945. The complexity of matrimonial law of 1836 was a consequence of its provisions based of religious principles of individual religious denominations. Hence, interpretation and application of that law, already difficult because of its dual character, was further hindered by the unclear relation of that law to the underlying it religious laws, and particularly, the importance of the Catholic canon law provisions in civil law relationships. The judicial decisions of the interwar period (1918-1945) did not provide any uniform interpretation of that issue. However, two basic views regarding the reception of religious law in the state’s matrimonial law were formulated. In one, pursuant to the adopted formula of incorporation of religious law in the matrimonial law enacted by the state, only those religious norms that were included in the state law constituted the basis for effective solutions and decisions. According to the other view, religious law attained a state law value by the very fact that the matrimonial law of 1836 had referred to religious laws and regulations. After the end of World War II, matrimonial law in its previous shape was practically neglected. Since 1989, following the change in the political regime, a religious concept of matrimony has been promoted, but nothing than mere postulates in that matter have been so far proposed.
PL
W XIX w. przesłanki ważności małżeństwa przynajmniej częściowo wywodziły się z zasad religijnych. Prawo państwowe przewidywało przeszkody takie jak różność wiary czy święcenia kapłańskie. Małżeństwo zyskiwało przez to religijne oblicze. Pozostałe przesłanki nie wynikały jednak wprost z charakteru określonej doktryny religijnej. Przeszkody wieku lub pokrewieństwa nie mają ściśle religijnego podłoża. Impedimentum catholicismi nie mieści się jednak w tej grupie. Przeszkoda ta, podobnie jak przeszkoda różności wiary (disparitas cultus), wynikała wprost z zasad doktryny katolickiej. Prawo małżeńskie obowiązujące w II Rzeczypospolitej pochodziło z okresu zaborów. Oblicze małżeństwa ukształtowane w ustawach pochodzących z tego okresu wynikało z charakteru byłych państw zaborczych, a w szczególności z ich stosunku do religii. Wyznaniowy charakter państwa przekładał się na kształt małżeństwa w prawie cywilnym. W Austrii i Rosji doszło do recepcji małżeńskiego prawa kościelnego. Natomiast w Prusach małżeństwouzyskało świecki charakter. W konsekwencji w poszczególnych częściach odrodzonego państwa polskiego obowiązywały przepisy cechujące się różnym stosunkiem do małżeństwa wyznaniowego.
EN
The thesis discusses the signifi cant question of inter-denominational marriages in Poland prior to 1946. Until the end of 1945, the laws in force in Poland were the 19th-century statutes. They had been enacted by the neighbouring countries (Austria, Russia and Prussia) that partitioned the Polish territory in the second half of the 18th century. In the Polish lands enjoying some autonomy in the Russian Empire, the regulation of marriage was based on the religious principles of 1836. Under the 1836 statute, there could be no civil marriage that would not produce a confessional effect. Consequently, the regulation of marriage had to combine confessional and civil effects into single norms and the legislative authorities had to provide for mechanisms correlating such effects. This applied to both the conclusion and dissolution of marriage. In these matters, the Roman Catholic Church adopted an uncompromising stance following from its belief in the special theological character of the sacrament of marriage.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.