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Specifikace filosofické antropologie prostřednictvím tematiky lidského pohybu : filosofická kinantropologie

100%
Jirásek I.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
17-32
EN
The article introduces the theme of human movement (the cultural sub-system of the movement culture) and its theoretical rendering (kinanthropology) into philosophical discourse in the form of a philosophical kinanthropology – the specification of the field of philosophical anthropology. Terminological analysis of current philosophical descriptions of the movement culture are presented so as to define the basic orientation of philosophical kinanthropology as a consideration of and investigation into the sense of human existence as expressed by the phenomena of human movement, especially in the area of its cultivation. In this semantical framework, we examine the possible use of the discipline, thus understood, not only for the deeper comprehension of movement activities, including sports (for example by means of the phenomenological grasp of time and movement), but also for the development of philosophy by the analysis of phenomena and experiences nowhere else seen (for example, the evolutionary character of sport leading to the cyborgisation of man or the potentially spiritual dimension of play and travel).
CS
Příspěvek uvádí téma lidského pohybu (kulturního subsystému „pohybové kultury“) a jeho teoretického postižení (kinantropologie) do filosofického diskursu v podobě filosofické kinantropologie, specifikace oboru filosofická antropologie. Terminologická analýza stávajících filosofických deskripcí pohybové kultury se zde stává podložím vymezení základního určení filosofické kinantropologie jako promýšlení a tázání se po smyslu lidského bytí, vyjevovaného prostřednictvím fenoménů lidského pohybu, zejména v prostředí jeho kultivace. V tomto sémantickém rámci je přiblíženo možné využití takto pojaté disciplíny jak pro hlubší porozumění pohybovým aktivitám, včetně sportu (např. prostřednictvím fenomenologického uchopení času či pohybu), tak pro rozvoj filosofie analýzou fenoménů a zkušeností nikde jinde nezahlédnutelných (jde kupř. o evolucionistický charakter sportu vedoucí ke kyborgizaci člověka či o potenciálně spirituální rozměr hry a putování).
2
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O potřebě kritického čtení a hlubokého myšlení : umění polemického sporu

100%
Jirásek I.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 2
251-261
EN
The article rejects a discussion study that criticises argumentation concernng the theme of doping. A comparison of the published polemic and the original monograph, which was its target, reveals the following inadequacies in Vratislav Moudr’s approach: 1. he does not discern in a satisfactory way the distinctive ideas in the two texts and he draws conclusions from premises which he unnecessarily introduces into the texts, where the criticised ideas are not to be found; 2. he confuses legality with philosophical arguments when he turns from ethical inquiry to the official registration of selected substances; 3. he does not maintain sufficient distance between empirical reality and the approach of ideas to that reality, something that leads him to an inadequate stipulation of “one correct approach”; 4. he does not observe the canons of logic when distinguishing arguments and counter-arguments, and after a recapitulation of his critical opinion, he offers the very conclusions which are actually explicitly contained in the criticized text. On the basis of a large number of references to the published critique, I argue that Vratislav Moudr has not undertaken work of quality and integrity, and it is necessary to supplement his discussion study with an alternative understanding of the theme under discussion.
DE
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Diskussionsstudie mit der Kritik an der Argumentation zum Thema Doping kritisch hinterfragt. Anhand des Vergleichs der publizierten Polemik und der ihr zu Grunde liegenden Monographie ergeben sich folgende inadäquate Ansätze und Vorgehensweisen Vratislav Moudrs: 1. Moudr unterscheidet die ideelle Schnittstelle zwischen zwei Texten nicht ausreichend und zieht seine Schlussfolgerungen aus Prämissen, die er Texten zuordnet, in denen die kritisierten Aussagen nicht vorhanden sind; 2. die philosophische Argumentation verwechselt er mit der Legalität, indem er die ethische Fragestellung durch eine Aufzählung ausgewählter Stoffe ersetzt; 3. er wahrt keinen ausreichenden Abstand zwischen empirischer Realität und diesbezüglichem Denkansatz, woraus sich die inadäquate Festlegung einer „einzig richtigen Problemlösung“ ergibt; 4. er verfolgt keine feste logische Struktur von Argument und Gegenargument und gelangt nach der Rekapitulation der kritischen Ansichten zu Schlussfolgerungen, die freilich ausdrücklich in dem von ihm kritisierten Text aufgeführt sind. Auf Grundlage der gesammelten Verweise auf die publizierte Kritik bin ich der Meinung, dass Vratislav Moudr hier keine saubere Arbeit geleistet hat, und dass die Diskussionsstudie durch ein alternatives Verständnis des zur Diskussion stehenden Themas ergänzt werden muss.
3

Nakedness and Movement Culture

100%
Jirásek I.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2009
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vol. 47
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issue 1
95-102
EN
The paper deals with a topic which is not very frequent in kinanthropology; it concerns the phenomenon of the naked body in the environment of movement culture. Within the individual aspects of this cultural subsystem (sport, movement education, movement recreation, movement therapy, and movement art), it points out a variety of meanings and contexts adding sense to nudity on a continuum ranging from naturalness and functionality through erotization and sexualization to pornoization of particularly sport environment. The author prefers a functional naturalness of nudity and rejects the instrumentalization and changing human body into a thing and, thus, exceeding the characteristics of the sphere of movement culture.
4
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Výchova ke zdravému životnímu stylu prostřednictvím idejí (návodů) Jaroslava Foglara

100%
Jirásek I.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 3
30-41
EN
This paper deals with the heritage of Jaroslav Foglar, writer and educator, since whose birthday one hundred years passed in 2007. It is recapitulating briefly a pedagogical potential of his literally work and presenting him as a typical representative of experiential education, whose games, instructions and inspiration are often utilized in educational practice. However, the challenge for theoretics of experiential education remains a deeper pedagogic reflection of his activities as well as books. Having reminder results of public inquiries finding an exceptionally high readers’ popularity regardless a social order and historical changes, it put the stress on the motifs from his literary work that deals especially with development of physical ability in the form of competitions and challenges. A strong motivational potention of instructive literature is proved (although not at a statistically significant extent) even by research of relationship of reading of Foglar’s books and really done movement activities.
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Rodinné táboření: případová studie potenciálu osobnostního rozvoje

100%
Jirásek I.
Sociální pedagogika (Social Education)
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 1
51-63
EN
The purpose of this study is to examine the family camping phenomenon and its educative potential in education between generations. The study focused on the tradition of family camping in the Czech countryside and it shows the club Veteran Green as a typical Czech example of this leisure activity. This study used a sequential combine design of empirical research based on an autoethnographic examination and survey of both adult (n = 14) and children (n = 14) participants (together from 9 families) of a family camp in the Czech Republic. The paper indicated four dimensions of the leisure experience: the phenomena of family, community, nature and spirituality.
6
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Fenomén putování jako symbol duchovního rozměru osobnostního rozvoje v diskursu zážitkové pedagogiky

100%
Jirásek I.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
5-21
EN
Text, written in philosophy of education discourse, looks for a possible interconnection between informal education within the wandering course of Lipnice Vacation school “Life is a gothic dog”, and the potential developpment of human being’s in its spiritual dimension. The first part deals with experiential education and expedition courses as an example of the selected discourse. The second part concentrates on spiritual dimension of human experiencing and its differentiation from religious topics. Third part concretizes spiritual experiences in framework of described course and offers a new model of spiritual (non-religious) wandering. The structure of experiential education projects offers a potential of non-religious spirituality. We put spirit, journey, transcendence, transformation and meaning among phenomena which open such dimension of experiencing. The paper confirms that experiential education is in its depth near to non-religious spirituality and then to accentuation of authentic modus of existence.
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Pilgrimage – tourism continuum once again: matrix of sacred, spiritual and profane connectedness to authenticity

100%
Jirásek I.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 4
46-53
EN
Background and study aim. This paper attempts to seek connections to the authenticity and spirituality of traveller in one or another mode of experience. Material and methods. The preparatory terminological background is defined by the distinction of the spheres of the sacral and the profane [Eliade 1957]. The central concept is spirituality, which can be perceived not only as an aspect of religiosity, but also, in relation to the philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler [1981], as a substantially personal way of human existence. Results. The essential viewpoint stems in the distinction between the individual ways of travelling, since both tourism and pilgrimage can obtain religious as well as secular connotations. Conclusions. As opposed to the continuum defined by Cohen [1979], this contribution deals with phenomena of authenticity and spirituality.
PL
Kontekst i cel badania. Niniejsza praca próbuje szukać połączeń z autentycznością i duchowością podróżnika w jednym lub innym trybie doświadczeń. Materiał i metody. Przygotowawcze tło terminologiczne jest zdefiniowane przez rozróżnienie sfery sakralnej i profanum [Eliade 1957]. Centralną koncepcją jest duchowość, co może być postrzegane jako nie tylko aspekt religijności, ale również w stosunku do filozofii antropologicznej według Maxa Schelera [1981], jako zasadniczo indywidualna droga ludzka. Wyniki. Główny punkt widzenia wynika z różnicy między poszczególnymi sposobami podróżowania, ponieważ zarówno turystyka, jak i pielgrzymka mogą uzyskać religijne, jak również świeckie konotacje. Wnioski. W przeciwieństwie do kontinuum określonego przez Cohena [1979], przyczynek ten dotyczy zjawisk autentyczności i duchowości.
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Winter Wandering on Snow Shoes as a Non-Religious Pilgrimage

63%
Jirásek I., Jirásková M.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 2
47-51
EN
Background and study aim. The program of a two-week course consisted mainly in wandering on snow shoes in the Poloniny National Park at the border of Slovakia and Poland. This type of project enables its participants to encounter the raw reality of the outdoor environment in difficult natural conditions forcing the participants to involve their self-protective mechanisms needed for survival. Material and methods. The contribution utilizes the reflections of participants acquired in interviews (n = 12) and visualizations by means of Systemic Constellations (n = 19). Results. The findings imply that the most frequent themes among the respondents relate to thinking and searching (for oneself, for the purpose of life), stopping and calming, experiencing difficult situations (focusing on basic needs), natural behavior (e.g. related to dropping masks) as well as apprehension and fear and their overcoming. The symbolism of transcendence and spirituality is also quite evident in several of their statements. Conclusions. The way of experiencing in this type of course manifests the acquisition of a pilgrimage experience. Due to the non-religious spirituality as witnessed by the participants’ experience, such journeys can be legitimately classified as spiritual, non-religious pilgrimages.
PL
Praca przedstawia rezultaty badań dokonanych w czasie dwutygodniowego kursu zorganizowanego przez Vacation School of Lipnice, Czechy w 2011 roku, polegającego głównie na wędrówkach na rakietach śnieżnych w Parku Narodowym na granicy Słowacji i Polski. Ten typ projektu umożliwił uczestnikom poznać surową rzeczywistość środowiska zewnętrznego, a trudne warunki naturalne zmusiły uczestników do włączenia mechanizmów samo-ochronnych niezbędnych do przetrwania. W badaniu zostały wykorzystane refleksje uczestników uzyskane w czasie przeprowadzonych 45- minutowych wywiadów (n=12), nagrane do celów późniejszej analizy i wizualizacje wykonane przy pomocy Konstalacji Sytemowych (n=19) notujących niewerbalne zachowania respondentów. Obie te metody wzajemnie się uzupełniały. Wyniki sugerują, iż najczęstsze motywy wśród respondentów odnoszą się do myślenia i poszukiwania (dla siebie, dla życiowych celów), zatrzymania się i uspokojenia, przeżywania trudnych sytuacji (skupianie się na podstawowych potrzebach), naturalnego zachowania (np. związanego ze zrzucaniem masek), jak również wiążą się z obawą i strachem oraz ich przezwyciężeniem. Symbolika transcendencji i duchowości jest dość oczywista w kilku wypowiedziach. Autorzy dochodzą do wniosku, że ten typ wędrówki przypomina pielgrzymkę. Ze względu na nie-religijną duchowość stanowiącą część doświadczenia uczestników, takie wyjazdy mogą być w pełni klasyfikowane jako duchowe pielgrzymki niereligijne.
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