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EN
In this article the origin of the perfective participle with the '-(w)szy' ending in the Polish language of the northeast borderlands is discussed. The author, quoting similar cases concerning this participle from the Polish dialects of the Suwalki, Punsk and Sejny regions, suggests the historical influence of the Lithuanian language on his origin. In addition, the fieldwork research carried by the author in the Trakai region in Lithuania and in the Ivjanec region in Belarus got interesting results: in the Polish language of the Ivjanec region in Belarus this participle did not appear once.
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Praca i wolność w językach japońskim i polskim

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PL
Autor podejmuje próbę porównawczego opisu pojęć wolność i praca w językach japońskim i polskim. Porównując słownictwo i frazeologię obydwu języków, pokazuje wyraźne różnice w sposobie konceptualizowania oraz wartościowania tych pojęć. W języku japońskim pojęcie pracy historycznie ma konotację pozytywną, zaś wolność negatywną, a w języku polskim, zdaniem autora, jest odwrotnie. Ponadto autor porusza także temat japońskiego i polskiego rozumienia czasu wolnego, które jest silnie związane z pojęciami wolność i praca.
EN
The author makes an attempt to compare the notions of freedom and work in Japanese and Polish. On the basis of the vocabulary and phraseology of both languages the author identifies clear-cut differences in the way these notions are conceptualized and evaluated. In the Japanese language, the notion of work historically has had positive connotations and the notion of freedom negative ones, while in the Polish language, according to the author, the situation is reverse. The author also addresses the issue of the Japanese and Polish understanding of free time, with clear relationship to the notions of freedom and work.
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