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Meeting the Other in the New World: Jesuit Missionaries from the Bohemian Province in America

100%
Křížová M.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 2
35-46
EN
This paper focuses on the participation of missionaries from the “Bohemian Province“ of the Society of Jesus in the colonization of America in the 17th and 18th century, and the representation of the New World in letters and reports sent to the home province. As a result of the activities of the Jesuits, monitored closely in their home province, and complemented of course by other direct and indirect involvement in the process of overseas colonization, the inhabitants of the Czech Lands found themselves integrated into the newly established Atlantic system and participated in an intense interchange of information and cultural influences.
2
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Creole patriotism vs. religious enthusiasm in 19th century Caribbean: The case of Peter Blair

100%
Křížová M.
Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 1
146-161
EN
The article resumes the life story of Peter Blair from Jamaica (1835–1897), member of the Moravian Church and long-term teacher and missionary on the Mosquito Coast. On this background and in the broader context of the study of Moravian Church missions in the New World are analyzed the processes of identity making in the colonial and post-colonial Caribbean, the problems of racial, national and religious (self)identifications, but especially the mechanisms of “creolization”, i.e. the cultural and social “regrounding”, the formation of new and coherent social formations out of the fragmentation brought about by the colonization.
CS
Článek shrnuje životní příběh Petera Blaira z Jamajky (1835–1897), člena Moravské církve a dlouholetého učitele a misionáře na Pobřeží Moskytů. Na pozadí tohoto příběhu a v širším kontextu studia moravských misií v Novém světě jsou analyzovány procesy utváření identit v koloniálním a postkoloniálním Karibiku, problémy rasové, národní a náboženské (sebe)identifikace, ale zejména mechanismy „kreolizace“, tedy kulturního a sociálního „zakořeňování“, utváření nových a koherentních sociálních formací z roztříštěnosti způsobené kolonizací.
3

Christian Churches and Slavery in the New World: A Comparative Perspective

100%
Křížová M.
Acta Comeniana (International review of Comenius studies and early modern intellectual history)
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2007
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vol. 20-21
65-103
EN
The text focuses on one of the crucial phenomena of the history of American colonization – the restitution of slavery in the New World. It places this phenomenon within the frame of the intellectual history of Europe, and especially within the frame of the social-reformist, ‘utopian’ thinking of the Early Modern era. While the enslaving of Native Americans and black Africans revealed the aggressive nature of European expansion, it also coincided intimately with the missionary activities of Roman Catholic as well as the Protestant churches. The aim was to analyze the seemingly ambiguous efforts of missionizing slavers as a response to the intellectually challenging period of overseas discoveries. Besides being an economic institution, slavery constituted part of the effort for reform that took place within the framework of the colonizing process. Of the three groups under consideration, two of them, the Jesuits and the ‘Moravians’ (members of the Protestant Unitas Fratrum, or Unity of Brethren), in spite of numerous theological differences and demonstrative mutual opposition, coincided significantly in their attitude towards slavery. The slave-operated plantation offered them a prospect of combining the vision of a traditional patriarchal order with ‘modern’ ideals of efficiency and engineered incentive. Both the Jesuits and the Moravians adhered to the Aristotelian ideal of an intelligent and virtuous authority ruling the irrational forces of the world, and considered themselves to be those chosen to rule and to be an example to others in secular and spiritual life, even against their will. In contrast, the critique of slavery on the part of two Capuchin missionaries contained the traditional, ‘Medieval’ view of Christian duty, renouncing secular activity in favour of prayer and contemplation and advocating the equalitarian strain, latently present in Christian teaching.
4
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„Jen mě prosili, abych šel ven a zavolal na Božího syna, aby jim přivedl nějaké tuleně.“ Grónská zkušenost misionářů obnovené Jednoty bratrské v 18. století

63%
Hojda Z., Křížová M.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 2
25-34
EN
The beginning of the 18th century saw a revival of interest in distant Greenland, a possession of the Kingdom of Denmark. The early pioneers were missionaries, first the Danish Lutheran priest Hans Egede and after 1733, members of the renewed Brüder-Unität (Moravian Church). From Moravia came also the three founders of the Moravian mission, later the settlement of New Herrnhut in the place of the present-day capital Nuuk. Their efforts are presented on the basis of an extensive documentation preserved in the archives of the Moravian Church in Herrnhut, from the first difficult years to their successes, crowned after a half a century of work by the founding of a third Moravian settlement in Greenland. The trials of the mission were occasioned not only by the extreme wildness of the island, but especially by the barrier of a completely different language, thinking, lifestyle and experience separating the missionaries from the native Inuit people.
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