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EN
The paper attempts to present a differentiated conception of diakonia as Christian oriented helping activity in modern society. It starts from the forms of social differentiation, as described by Luhmann’s social systems theory (society, interaction, organizations), and discusses them further in the context of practical­‑theologically oriented attitudes to distinguishing between social forms of religion. It brings to mind J. H. Wichern’s typology of triple diakonia (free, civic, and church diakonia) and then tests the indicated theoretical points of departure on the real forms of diakonia in the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren – see on the ‘tripod’ of Christian service, Diaconia of ECCB, and diaconate. In conclusion it asks how the specifically Christian dimension of diakonia can be expressed in helping within the context of interaction, organization and social institutions.
EN
This article presents the concept of the relationship between faith and love, orthodoxy and orthopraxy, i.e. love for God and neighbor in Martin Luther‘s theology. It is based on the results of research by the researchers of the so‑ called Finnish School of Luther Interpretation. This is defined by the view of the reformer‘s thinking, marked by German neo‑ Kantian theology, separating God‘s being and his actions, as well as by the perspective of the Formula Concordiae, emphasizing the forensic aspect of justification. Representatives of the Finnish school note the reformer‘s connection to patristic sources in the form of an emphasis on the genuine participation of the believer in Christ. Within it, the act of justification and the process of changing the believer are understood as two aspects of one event. In the introduction, attention is paid to the sources that shaped Luther‘s theology, and in the end to the possible implications for the theology of Christian action, especially diaconal practice.
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EN
In this article, we have laid out an outline of the development of the Roman Catholic view of Luther as it appears in selected reflections by Catholic theologians. We have identified their views as being basically consensual. They introduce the same key Catholic figures and their similar views, the only differences between them being the accents on certains details and some mutual internal criticism of those who represent this development. We present a formal typology of Catholic views on Luther and a brief characterization of late twentieth century research based on our formulated terms in the second part. We look at Catholic works which were primarily published during the decade prior to the Reformation jubilee of 2017 in the third part. The Catholic works published thus far do not depart from our typology.
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