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EN
The article in a multidimensional way presents the process of social, economic and cultural integration of immigrants settling permanently of temporarily in several countries of the European Union. It discusses the determinants of the influx of immigrants during World War II as well as the specific character of their integration in Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden, Germany, Holland and France. It indicates the main assumptions of the integration concept in those countries and the practical ways of their implementation with respect to two main categories of immigrants: newcomers from outside Europe (especially from African and Asian countries) and labor migrants from the twelve new member states of the European Union who came to Western European countries after the enlargement of the EU in 2004 and 2007. The article presents the causes of failure, with respect to the immigrants with culture quite different from European, of the conception of multiculturalism that was for a long time considered the model solution to the problem of integration, and it stresses the dimension of economic integration as the dominant one among labor migrants from the Middle and Eastern Europe.
EN
The article analyzes the problem of aiding emigrants from the Polish lands in the long period from the end of the 19th century to the contemporary post-accession migration (after joining the structures of the European Union by Poland in 2004), excluding the period of the Polish People’s Republic, when emigrating from Poland was stopped for ideological reasons. In the main part of the article the author chronologically analyzes the social and political conditionings of the emigration processes, pointing to the forms of aiding emigrants in their preparations to leaving Poland. She considers the actions taken by various state and social institutions, as well as the special role played by the Catholic Church and the clergy in the care taken of emigrants. The analyses are based on historical and sociological works, and on the sources from Polish and Ukrainian (Lvov) archives. The article shows similarities and differences in the forms and circumstances of providing care and aid to emigrants. It also draws the reader’s attention to peculiar, especially modern, forms of support given to economic migrants. In the conclusion basic arguments justifying the significance of various type of aid given to emigrants are pointed to, like: a) protection from ethnic exclusion in the target country, b) protection from the loss of cultural-ethnic identity in the face of a cultural clash or the effect of globalization processes, c) protection from abuses and exploitation of emigrants by dishonest employment agents, d) making emigrants realize the need of proper actions protecting the family, and especially the children, from the negative consequences of separation, e) the significance of social and organizational actions for emigrants who have troubles with the basic actions necessary for fulfilling the requirements connected with going abroad.
EN
The article focuses on the phenomenon of contemporary (after 2004) economic migration from Poland to the EU countries (post-accessional migration). The author pays attention to the increasing process of emigration of the whole families from Poland to the countries of Western Europe in recent years, in opposition to the early stage of post-accessional migration when the problems in the functioning of families whose members live separately due to migration were the dominant phenomena. On the basis of the specialist literature the article discuss a number of issues related to the life of Polish migration families, such as: strategies of family migrations, structure and characteristics of Polish families living abroad as well as the problems of their adaptation to a new environment in receiving countries. The main thesis of the article is that there is a need for conducting sociological research in the Western European countries in order to deepen our empirical knowledge on the subject of living conditions, problems and needs of Polish migration families, the most important changes in their structure, culture and functioning in UE societies. It seems to be important because of an opportunity to develop cooperation between Poland and the Polish migration communities in order to prepare various forms of institutional and informal assistance and support provided to migrants to help them overcome difficulties in process of social and culture adaptation abroad as well as in process of readaptation of those families who decided to return to native country.
PL
Tekst artykułu koncentruje się na zjawisku poakcesyjnych migracji rodzinnych z Polski. Zamierzeniem autorki jest zwrócenie uwagi na rozwijającą się w ostatnich latach tendencję do wyjazdów osiedleńczych do krajów Zachodniej Europy całych rodzin polskich, w przeciwstawieniu do dominującego w pierwszych latach migracji poakcesyjnych zjawiska funkcjonowania rodzin rozłączonych na skutek czasowych wyjazdów zarobkowych kogoś z członków rodziny. Na podstawie dostępnej literatury przedmiotu artykuł omawia kilka zagadnień obrazujących życie polskich rodzin migranckich. Należą do nich kwestie: strategii migracyjnych polskich rodzin, struktury i wybranych cech rodzin migranckich, a także problemy adaptacji rodzin w społeczeństwach przyjmujących. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na niedobór badań i potrzebę gromadzenia pogłębionej wiedzy o warunkach życia rodzin polskich migrantów, ich problemach i potrzebach, zmianach zachodzących w ich strukturze i funkcjonowaniu, z myślą o możliwości wykorzystania tej wiedzy w procesie budowania instytucjonalnej współpracy państwa polskiego ze środowiskami migracyjnymi oraz informacji przydatnych dla podjęcia praktycznych działań przez odpowiednie służby społeczne w realizacji procesów readaptacyjnych wobec rodzin powracających z migracji.
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