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Wczesnośredniowieczne rybołówstwo mieszkańców Ostrowa Lednickiego na podstawie materiałów z badań podwodnych

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Popek M., Mosakowski S., Baranowski K., Ostrowski M., Lewek K.
Studia Lednickie
|
2022
|
vol. 21
31-56
EN
In the early Middle Ages, fishery was one of the primary means of obtaining food. This activity was also one of the daily activities of the community living on Ostrów Lednicki, as recorded in the historical material. During more than forty years of underwater research, a significant collection of items related to fishery was amassed. As a result, it is possible to try to reconstruct this aspect of the economy. In addition, thanks to the results of archaeozoological studies, it is possible not only to infer the fishing techniques, but also the culinary preferences of the inhabitants of Ostrów Lednicki. Among the relics, one can distinguish objects used for both mass and individual fishing. Mass fishing techniques can include net fishing, the remains of which in the form of floats and weights were found during the survey. Mass fishing methods can also include the use of fish traps. One of such wicker fish traps („wiersza”), along with bait and loot, was found during surveys of the Poznan Bridge. Such fishing activities were used to provide large quantities of fish for the inhabitants of Lednicki Ostrów. The archaeological material also allows us to distinguish quite individual fishing methods. These included the use of spiked tools such as fish gigs. Among the very interesting relics are also fishing lures, which are interpreted as elements of fishing rods. This is a rather inefficient fishing method. However, evidence for the use of fishing rods is provided by a text from a page from an Anglo-Saxon prayer book dating to around 1000, on which St. Peter successfully fishes with a fishing rod. An important aspect of the reconstruction of the Lednica fishery is the comparison of ichthyological and archaeological material, which are compatible. Fish species identified through bone analysis could have been fi shed with tools identified in archaeological relics. Therefore, it can be concluded that a large part of the fish consumed by the inhabitants of Ostrów Lednicki was obtained locally. It should also be noted that traces of imported fish have been found in areas where the elites resided. Despite such intensive local fishery, the demand for fish was so great that certain species desired by the princely court were brought to Ostrów Lednicki. These species were salmonid fish and sturgeon, whose taste qualities made them particularly desirable to the upper classes. The Lednica fishery provided a means of quite important occupation for the community living on the island. The amount of fish, the variety of fishing methods suggests that it was an important way of acquiring food, and the demand for such dishes grew with the development of Christianity in the early Piast state.
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