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Liberman and Levickij: Towards comparative etymological lexicography of English and Germanic

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2011
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vol. 16
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issue 1
189-199
EN
Two important etymological dictionaries (one of English and one of the Germanic languages) and a bibliography of English etymology appeared in recent years. The aim of this article is to critically present and compare them, as well as to formulate a conclusion concerning the best possible future form of an etymological dictionary.
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Miechowita’s knowledge of East European languages (mainly Hungarian, Lithuanian and Tatar) based on his Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis (1517)

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2015
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vol. 130
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issue 4
PL
Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra. Miechowita’s “Treatise on the two Sarmatias” was once an extremely important source of knowledge of the geography and history of East Europe. Although much was written on its significance in correcting more or less unlikely information concerning these subjects his linguistic material was actually ignored. The aim of this study is to examine what was known about East European languages in the early sixteenth century.
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Tadeusz Kowalski a sprawa jego niedoszłego wyjazdu na Uniwersytet Stambulski

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2010
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issue 1(9)
149-168
EN
Some time after having come back from the concentration camp of Sachsenhausen to Kraków, Ta-deusz Kowalski (1889–1948), founder of Oriental Studies in Poland, was offered a chair at Istanbul University. The present author’s aim is: (1) to show that the only report on this event (Lazer 1994) is contradicted by archive materials, (2) to reconstruct the possibly most reliable course of events and their chronological order, as well as (3) to find the true reason why T. Kowalski eventually resigned from coming to Istanbul, even if all formalities were settled, and the relocation guaranteed his and his family’s safety.
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Ist das slavische Schaf (*ovьca, *ovьcь) bis nach Transkaukasien (hōgač) und Anatolien (öveč, ögeč) gewandert?

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2010
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vol. 15
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issue 1
PL
Die Tatsache, daß das ttü. Wort öveç ‘Widder im Alter von 2-3 Jahren’1 dem slav. *ovьca ‘weibliches Schaf bzw. *ovьecь männliches Schaf, Widder’ mehr oder weniger ähnlich ist, fällt leicht auf, besonders wenn man das ttü. Wort mit den neuzeitlichen Reflexen des urslav. Maskulinums zusammenstellt, vgl. sloven. (18. Jh.) ovec, russ.dial. (Archangelsk) ovéc, sowie mit dem Diphthong im Anlaut: pomoran. u{ovc und obersorb. u{ou{c (Furlan 2000: 164). A. Loma (2006: 36, Anm. 14) äußert sich hierzu vorsichtig: “[…] one might keep in consideration […] the similarity of the Turkish form öveč cited above with Common Slavic *ovьEcь ‘ram, wether; sheep in general’ (an old masculinum to *ovьca f. […])”.
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Remarks on the investigation of the oldest layer of Turkic loan-words in Hungarian

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 4
PL
Those who are interested in the investigation of the oldest Turkic loan-words intoHungarian have known for a couple of years about the research on this topic conducted inSzeged. It has resulted in a two-volume edition which will certainly inspire many scholarsfrom now onwards. In the present article a handful of remarks and suggestions is presentedthat were noted down while reading the “new Gombocz”.
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EUROLINGUISTICS – WHAT IT IS AND WHAT IT SHOULD NOT BE

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 4
PL
The present study is composed of two parts. In Part 1, the definition, as well as the actual and the desired profile of Eurolinguistic studies are discussed, and a strict differentiation between cultural and linguistic aspects is postulated. In Part 2 some suggestions of this author are made, concerning the future methodology and topics of Eurolinguistic research.
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Bernhard Jülg, Cracow and the von Der Gabelentz family

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 3
PL
A comparison of two books (GG; JG), newly published by the Harrassowitz Verlag and concerning history of Oriental (mostly Kalmuck and Chinese) linguistic studies in 19th century Europe is presented in this article, along with an analysis of some information on Bernhard Jülg’s studies and scholarly plans during his stay in Cracow.
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IS THE ENGLISH GUINEA PIG A PIG FROM GUINEA, AND THE GERMAN MEERSCHWEINCHEN A PIGGY FROM THE SEA?, OR TWO OLD PROBLEMS REVISITED

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 2
PL
The old problem of the origins of the English name guinea pig is discussed here in the context of its equivalents in some other European languages (one of them being German Meerschweinchen).Some new suggestions concerning both components of the English name and the original meaning of the German designation are made.
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ON MAŃCZAK’S FREQUENCY AND ANALOGY

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2014
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vol. 131
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issue 2
PL
Witold Mańczak’s oeuvre comprises various topics of historical linguistics. This article attempts to explain why some aspects of his theory are hardly accepted, yet his work still deserves interest and serious discussion.
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Teoria ałtajska

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2012
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issue 2(14)
239-263
EN
The much discussed Altaic Theory is presented concisely in this article, starting from the work of Strahlenberg and Ramstedt. This author distinguishes – apart from Strahlenberg’s first, partially naïve observations – three evolutionary phases: (1) the dawn and progress of Altaistic studies: from the beginning of the 20th century till 1962 [Clauson’s opposition]; (2) the prevalence of anti-Altaicists: 1963–2003 [death of Doerfer – the last oppositionist who viewed his struggle against the Altaic Theory as one of the most important tasks in his career]; (3) an “Altaistic vacuum” – there are virtually no active anti-Altaicists fighting against pro-Altaistic views, nor active pro-Altaicists to be fought.
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Ketisch, Kottisch und die polnische Rechtschreibung

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2008
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vol. 125
PL
Nach den Regeln der polnischen Rechtschreibung soll die an der (heutigen wie ursprünglichen) morphologischen Grenze stehende Konsonantenverbindung t+s in der Schrift nicht als ‹ts›, sondern als ‹c› notiert werden (vgl. poln. Jakuck versus russ. Jakutsk), d.h. man orientiert sich hier nicht nach dem Bau und der Etymologie, sondern nach der tatsächlichen Aussprache des Wortes. Somit soll das vom Namen des Jenissej-Volkes Ket gebildete Adjektiv ket+ski nicht ‹ketski›, sondern ‹kecki› geschrieben werden. Ein anderes Jenissej-Volk heißt aber Kott, und das davon gebildete Adjektiv ist kott+ski; es wird zwar ebefalls mit [-c-] ausgesprochen, die Schreibung ‹kocki› bereitet jedoch Probleme, da die Regeln der polnischen Orthographie sich nur auf die Gruppe t+s beziehen, während die Gruppe tt+s unberücksichtigt bleibt. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden verschiedene Rechtschreibungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert, und auch andere Ableitungsmodelle (wie kott+yjski) erwogen.
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Turkologie, Uralistik, Sibiristik oder ein Blick auf die Geschichte der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2008
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vol. 125
PL
Der hier vorliegende Artikel wurde ursprünglich als Inauguralvorlesung (Oktober 2007) im Institut für Orientalische Philologie der Jagiellonischen Universität Krakau vorbereitet. Das eigentliche Thema der Vorlesung ist die Stellung der sibirischen Türksprachen zwischen Türkisch und Uralisch. Es wird versucht zu zeigen, daß die Sibiristik sowohl für die Erforschung der alten wie neuen Sprachbünde in Sibirien, als auch für die Erschließung der Geschichte sowie Etymologie der außersibirischen Türksprachen einen besonders günstigen Ausgangspunkt bietet.
13
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Polskie baśka, rosyjskie башкá, ukraińskie бáшкá ‘głowa’ i ich etymologia w słowniku Maxa Vasmera

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Stachowski M.
Przegląd Rusycystyczny
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2018
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issue 2
PL
The three colloquial words for ‘head’ adduced in the title of this paper are of Turkic origin, cf. Tkc. baš ’head’. However, this author contests Max Vasmer’s opinion that the Russian word was borrowed from the Turkic dative form (baš.ka) with the meaning ‘per unit, each; pro Stück’. Moreover, it is suggested that the Ukrainian reflex continues, as a matter of fact, two words.
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Teoria nostratyczna i szkoła moskiewska

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2011
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issue 1(11)
241-274
EN
The Nostratic Theory, the main directions of its evolution and the Moscow School of Comparative Linguistics are critically presented in this study under the following headings: 1. Preliminaries; 2. Beginnings and Holger Pedersen; 3. Three binary hypotheses; 4. The Moscow School; 5. Reception in Europe; 6. Conclusion. The aim of the present author is not only to show the main lines of the evolution of Nostratics but also to formulate what he personally views as its most characteristic features – now and in the past – and to suggest what questions inevitably have to be answered if some kind of future cooperation of Moscow Nostraticists with non-Nostratic diachronic comparativists is to come into being and take root.
15
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WIELE HAŁASU O KARALUCHA (NIEM. SCHWABE I ROS. ПРУСАК, ТАРАКАН) ‒ STUDIUM Z ETYMOLOGII I MOTYWACJI SEMANTYCZNEJ

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Stachowski M.
Przegląd Rusycystyczny
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2018
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issue 2
PL
Much ink has been spilled on the sources and history of various names for various species of cockroach. The present author discusses some of them and his main aim is to clear up at least some aspects of what has hitherto been suggested in studies concerning Russian tarakan.
16
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On the consonant adaptation of Arabic (and some Persian) loan-words in an Ottoman Turkish dictionary by Arcangelo Carradori (1650)

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2015
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vol. 129
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issue 4
PL
In this study an analysis of the phonetic adaptation of Arabic and Persian loan-words in Ottoman Turkish is continued (for the vocalic part of the analysis see Stachowski M. [forthcoming]). Five phenomena are presented in the context of the general Turkic phonetic evolution. These are: [a] palatalization of (-)kE- > (-)čE-; [b] varying anlaut nasality: m- > b- and b- > m-; [c] despirantization of f > p; [d] epenthetic n; [e] shortening of geminates.
17
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Siberian languages in contact, 1: Collective numerals in Yakut, Dolgan, Tuvinian, Tofalar and some other Turkic languages

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2011
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vol. 128
PL
Morphological categories of Siberian Turkic numerals are particularly complex and therefore deemed to be especially advantageous to areal investigations. The aim of this paper is to see whether (at least some of) the suffixes of collective numerals can readily be used as isogloss connecting Yakut and Dolgan with Tuvinian and Tofalar or, maybe, also some other Turkic languages.
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German Irrwisch ‘1. will-o’-the-wisp; 2. scamp, scallywag, imp’ and Polish urwis ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’.

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Stachowski M.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
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2011
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vol. 128
PL
Even if the derivation of the meaning ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’ < ‘will-o’-the-wisp’ is generally imaginable (albeit not self-evident) it is assumed here that this change is actually based on addition of a foreign meaning to a German one, rather than on semantic evolution.
19
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David L. Gold’s English, Jewish and other etymologies

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Stachowski M.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 4
167-195
EN
Thirty-one etymological studies published in a new volume by David L. Gold are discussed in this article. A general characteristics of David L. Gold’s etymological work and methodology is given at the end of the study.
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Uwagi o jarmułce

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Stachowski M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2013
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issue 1(15)
119-124
EN
Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
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