Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 23

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
PL
Sygnalizowany już: pod koniec lat siedemdziesiątych, kryzys polskiej gospodarki uwidocznił nie tylko niedoskonałości centralnego zarządzania, ale także przyczynił się do późniejszych zmian ustrojowych zapoczątkowanych ustaleniami okrągłego stołu. Sprzyjający klimat polityczny lat przełomu, pozwolił na uruchomienie szeregu reform w tym także reformy o samorządzie terytorialnym
PL
Przemysł drzewny odgrywa ważną rolę w strukturze gospodarczej Pomorza Środkowego, gdyż obok przemysłu spożywczego i skórzanego jest on najlepiej rozwinięty i najszerzej reprezentowany. Obejmuje produkcję płyt i sklejek, opakowań drewnianych i elementów stolarki budowlanej, ale przede wszystkim produkcję tarcicy i mebli. Wprowadzenie na przełomie lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych systemu gospodarki rynkowej spowodowało istotne zmiany w dotychczasowym funkcjonowaniu, kierunkach rozwoju i przestrzennym rozmieszczeniu zakładów drzewnych. W latach 1990–1991 szeroki dostęp do surowca pozwalał na utrzymanie, a nawet wzrost produkcji, jednak przestarzałe technologie, a zwłaszcza niedostatek kapitału, spowodowały spadek produkcji oraz powolny, ale stały spadek zatrudnienia. Podkreślić należy, że w tym dziale wytwórczości szybko podjęto działania restrukturyzacyjne, które w 1994 r. w dość znacznym stopniu poprawiły sytuację finansową zakładów.
EN
The article attempts to assess the impact of the strategy for industrial companies on the spatial structure of Pomeranian industry. Strategies are analyzed on the level of labour resources, production and location decisions. In order to avoid formal difficulties and testing of new methodological solutions, the selected strategies were characterized on the basis of the metaphorical approach. Surveys conducted among industrial companies of the Pomorskie voivodship, using the above-mentioned method, tend to the general conclusion that the forms of behaviour in the tested businesses regardless of their volatility, have an influence on the spatial structure of Pomeranian industry, however its scale, scope and direction have not yet been fully identified.
PL
Zgodnie z założeniami przyjętymi przez Unię Europejską, średni udział energii odnawialnejw zużyciu energii finalnej brutto w 2020 roku w krajach członkowskich powinien wynieść 20%. Szacuje się,że około 60–70% tej wielkości stanowić będzie energia uzyskiwana z wiatru. Zalicza się do niej także energiępochodzącą z morskich instalacji wiatrowych, których liczba – ze względu na mniejsze ograniczenia lokalizacyjne,znacznie lepsze warunki aerodynamiczne (wietrzność), korzystne warunki prawno-finansowe orazmożliwość zastosowania większych i bardziej wydajnych urządzeń – już od dekady dynamicznie wzrasta.W związku z tym podjęto rozważania na temat możliwości rozwoju morskiej energetyki wiatrowej (MEW)na południowym Bałtyku na tle rozwiązań europejskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem doświadczeń polskich.Przeprowadzono analizę potencjalnych możliwości lokalizacji i funkcjonowania morskich farm wiatrowychoraz morskich linii energetycznych w obecnym i prognozowanym stanie prawnym. Ze względu na specyfikęstruktury przestrzenno-organizacyjnej MEW dużo miejsca poświęcono na analizę międzynarodowychuwarunkowań funkcjonowania morskiej energetyki wiatrowej w Europie, w tym także na południowymBałtyku. Dotychczasowe ustalenia badawcze świadczą o tym, że perspektywy rozwojowe tego typu energetykisą silnie determinowane nie tylko przez czynniki ekonomiczne, ale również polityczne na poziomiekrajowym i międzynarodowym.
EN
According to the assumptions adopted by the European Union, the average share of renewable energy in the consumption of gross final energy in 2020 in member states should reach 20%. It is estimated that approx. 60-70% of this amount will be energy obtained from wind. This includes energy from offshore wind farms whose numbers, due to fewer restrictions regarding their location, much better aerodynamic conditions (windiness), favourable legal and financial conditions and the possibility of using larger and more efficient equipment, have been rapidly growing for a decade. Thus, the possibility of development of offshore wind energy (OWE) in the southern Baltic in light of European solutions, with particular emphasis on Polish experience started to appear in considerations. An analysis of the potential of establishing offshore wind farms and marine power lines and them operating in the current and the anticipated state of the law has been conducted. Due to the nature of the spatial and organizational structure of OWE a lot of attention has been devoted to the analysis of international conditions of operation of offshore wind farms in Europe, including those in the southern Baltic. Current findings indicate that the prospects for development of this type of energy are strongly determined not only by economic factors but also by political factors on the national and international level.
EN
This article is an attempt to characterise the age management strategies in companies in the context of demographic, economic and cultural conditions. As it is suggested by the conducted research, the majority of Polish companies currently do not use the age management strategies, which is primarily caused by their failure to realise the potential benefits as the fact of possessing rich age diversity in a company is one of the methods to accomplish the competitive advantage
PL
W artykule podjęto rozważania dotyczące określenia wagi czynników i korzyści z lokalizacjidla przemysłu przetwórstwa rybnego w Polsce oraz ich wpływu na zmiany struktury przestrzennej.Ponadto dokonano charakterystyki zmian w rozmieszczeniu przedsiębiorstw przetwórczychw Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich koncentracji w świetle teorii klastra. Obecnie, najistotniejszymiczynnikami lokalizacji w przetwórstwie rybnym w Polsce są czynniki związane z zasobamipracy, tj. czynnik kosztowy, kompetencyjny, kulturowy. Jednak znaczenie poszczególnych czynnikówjest bardzo zróżnicowane pod względem wielkości przedsiębiorstw i ich położenia. Obserwowany procesdekoncentracji badanej grupy przemysłowej dotyczy głównie spadku wielkości potencjału przetwórstwarybnego w województwach nadmorskich (pomorskie i zachodniopomorskie). Nowe lokalizacjeprzedsiębiorstw, a także zmiany organizacyjno-własnościowe (m.in. relokacja) w obrębie jednostekjuż istniejących spowodowały powstanie „nowych” lub przeformułowanie „starych” koncentracjiprzedsiębiorstw przetwórczych. Nowa formuła działania miałaby się opierać na teorii klastra. Jednakproces ich tworzenia w skali kraju jest raczej na etapie inkubacji.
EN
The article is an attempt to determine the weight of factors and advantages of location for fish processing industry in Poland and their influence on the changes in the spatial structure. What is more, the changes in distribution of food processing companies in Poland were characterized taking into consideration their concentration in view of the theory of cluster. At present the most crucial location factors in fish processing in Poland are the ones connected with labour resources which are cost, competence and culture factors. Market factors of quality character (for example market wealth) constitute the second group in terms of importance. The observed process of deconcentration study industrial group concerns mostly the decrease in the amount of fish processing potential in coastal voivodeships (Pomeranian and West Pomeranian Voivodeships). New locations of companies and also organizational and ownership changes within already existing units (relocation, among others) have caused to come into existence “new” or reformate “old” concentrations of food processing companies. A new formula of activity might be based on the theory of cluster. However, the process of creating them on the national scale is rather at the stage of incubation.
EN
Currently, there are many premises which invite a debate on the role and position of the geography of industry among geographic sciences, and – possibly above all – among the sciences researching the economic processes, especially those focusing on economic structures. It should be emphasized that, owing to the research subject, the scale of the research itself and the methodological framework, there is strong resemblance between geography of industry and economy of industry. There is, however, serious divergence of perception of both sciences by the society and the scientists themselves. Meanwhile, geography of science, if widely underrated, can offer a range of research possibilities very similar to that of economy of science. What it lacks is a certain fresh perspective and its own – not adopted – research methods. Thus, the future of the geography of science seems uncertain, because maintaining the status quo means the state of temporariness, and in a larger perspective – its scientific non-existence. There is a possibility, however, that consolidation of geographic sub-branches might occur under the name of economic geography. As a consequence, economic geography will be accepted as a legitimate science in the area of economic research.
EN
This article is an attempt to describe the functioning of the domestic fish processing industry under the conditions of the worldwide economic crisis. Research results show that, in spite of a distinct slowdown in the Polish economy, the fish processing sector is achieving very good financial results. This is mainly due to a high share of exports in sales, high technological innovation resulting from modernization of fish processing plants as well as from new organization and production solutions, and, in particular, from implementing consolidation strategy in the supply, production and market sphere.
9
100%
EN
Recently the image of an entrepreneur - that is still a subject of numerous stereotypes - has evolved. Despite the fact that the consciousness-transforming processes take a long time in the reference to Poles - one of the obvious factors is the world of politics - the growth of positive opinions about the honesty and industriousness of businessmen can be observed. In addition, the career of an entrepreneur is more and more desirable - in the parents’ view also for the children. According to the research based on the example of Słupsk subregion, the entrepreneur’s image in the press is not homogenous. The groups of negative and positive attitudes are easily distinguished. The presented types of entrepreneurs are distinctly varied, but their recognition should be analyzed not stochastically, but as a process connected to the ongoing adaptation of economic subjects to the transforming environment.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza krytyczna funkcjonującego w polskich realiach pojęcia „przemysł offshore” oraz próba uporządkowania wiedzy dotyczącej stanu i możliwości jego rozwoju z geograficznego punktu widzenia. Obecnie pod pojęciem „offshore” kryją się działania o bardzo zróżnicowanym zakresie merytorycznym, organizacyjnym i czasowym oraz o często nieskoordynowanym, fragmentarycznym i doraźnym charakterze, z którego wynika wiele konsekwencji natury organizacyjnej, technologicznej, zarządczej, a ostatecznie także przestrzennej.
EN
The aim of this article is to critically analyze the “offshore industry” term that is functioning in Polish realities and attempt to systematize knowledge regarding of state and possibilities of its development, from a geographical point of view. Recently, the term “offshore” covers a very diverse range of substantive, organizational and temporal activities with often uncoordinated, fragmented and ad hoc nature, which results in a number of consequences of organizational, technological, managerial and ultimately spatial nature.
EN
In the industry of the former Słupsk voivodship, in the period of 1989–2000 substantial changes took place, both quantitative and qualitative, and its future, without any doubt, will depend not only on the possibility of effective local and regional development, but also on the municipal authorities that are responsible for its area’s social and industrial development. As a consequence of the structural changes, there has been a diminution of the cities’ role as important centres assembling industrial production potential. The industrial activity has considerably been shifted to the suburban and country areas, where it has found better economic conditions. After the year of 1992, there have been considerable spatial transformations of industry’s division structure. The region’s traditional divisions have lost their leading role to the chemical (plastic) and the electromechanical industries. During the 1997–2002 period, locational preferences changed. There was an increase in the importance of the following: the cost-factor, institutional support and accessibility of communication. The factor described as business environment, however, was developing in an unsteady fashion, deepening hitherto existing spatial differences. The privatization process of the state property, the founder’s organ of which was the Słupsk voivod, had not been completed till 31st December, 1998. The initiated administration reform did not disturb the processes already in action. The industry’s model of privatization in Slupsk voivodship is very characteristic for the general tendency all over the country.
EN
This article is an attempt to identify the needs of small and medium enterprises of Podkarpackie voivodeship in the scope of export support as well as establishing and developing economic contacts with subjects from the EU. As it is suggested by the conducted research, there is a considerable need to the use of export instruments and activities. Unfortunately, their implementation is faced with numerous limitations both on the side of enterprises themselves and their environment. It needs to be emphasised, however, that it requires changes not only at the administrative and legal level, but also at mental-related one.
EN
This article tries to give the answers to the questions: Who are the students of upper secondary schools for adults? Why they receive education in this type of schools? What is their level of activity in the job market? What are their attitudes toward the job market? Is there any territorial diversification in the attitudes toward job market? What influence it? The success in the job market depends on a lot of factors. The most important factor is intellectual inborn potential and influence of environment especially schools on individual person. Schools should form the enterprise attitudes by the lessons on entrepreneurship. This type of education unfortunately doesn’t function in the job market and hasn’t got such a chance. The public feelings, mentality and positive relations between government and businessmen are the most important factors which influence activity in the job market, as research on students of upper secondary schools for adults shows. It was conducted in cities known of their entrepreneurship . Kołobrzeg, Chojnice, Starogard Gdański and Koszalin. It seems the institutional and personal models influence students and local communities. The results of research show certain regularity. The enterprised attitudes depend not only on hard economical factors but also and maybe mostly on social and psychological factors.
14
100%
EN
Fish processing industry for several years now is considered as one of the fastest developing sectors of food industry in Poland. It also plays an important role in supplying the EU market in processed fish products. However, there is an array of threats for its further functioning that have roots both in external environment (closer and further) and in internal environment. The present problems of national fish processing industry have a very diverse genesis. Among them there is e.g. the problem of supplying in raw materials, which was indicated already before the accession to the EU structures, but there are also new problems connected with e.g. the shortage of labour force or the lack of modern institutional support. The identification of difficulties should be seen not only in short- or long term perspective. It is also worth to see their importance and mutual relations that can either strengthen or weaken the results of economic activity of single entities or the entire sector. Another important thing is also the separation of episodic and cyclical phenomena, which may disturb correct interpretation of long-term trends in particular. The aim of the paper is the identification of basic problems connected with the functioning of national fish processing companies and an attempt to specify their influence on basic structures of the industry, including the structure of production, employment, market and ultimately the spatial structure.
PL
Przemysł przetwórstwa rybnego od kilku lat jest uważany za jeden z najszybciej rozwijających się działów przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce. Odgrywa on również znaczącą rolę w zaopatrywaniu rynku Unii Europejskiej w przetwory rybne. Istnieje jednak szereg zagrożeń dla jego dalszego funkcjonowania, tkwiących zarówno w otoczeniu zewnętrznym (bliższym i dalszym), jak i w otoczeniu wewnętrznym. Aktualne problemy krajowego przetwórstwa rybnego mają bardzo zróżnicowaną genezę. Istnieją takie, jak np. problem zaopatrzenia w surowiec, które były sygnalizowane już przed akcesją do struktur UE, ale są również nowe problemy, związane np. z niedoborem zasobów pracy czy brakiem nowoczesnego wsparcia instytucjonalnego. Rozpoznane trudności należy postrzegać nie tylko w perspektywie krótko- czy długookresowej. Warto także dostrzegać ich wagę i wzajemne relacje, które mogą wzmacniać lub osłabiać wyniki działalności gospodarczej pojedynczych podmiotów lub całego sektora. Nie bez znaczenia jest również oddzielenie zjawisk epizodycznych i cyklicznych, które mogą zakłócać poprawną interpretację trendów, zwłaszcza długookresowych. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja podstawowych problemów związanych z działalnością krajowych przedsiębiorstw przetwórstwa rybnego oraz próba określenia ich wpływu na podstawowe struktury przemysłu, w tym na strukturę produkcji, zatrudnienia, zbytu, a ostatecznie także na strukturę przestrzenną.
15
100%
EN
Industry, still one of the most significant sectors of the economy, is undergoing permanent quantitative and qualitative changes. Therefore it should be the subject of not only business analyses, but also research which more broadly explain our reality in the environmental, social and economic dimensions, noting the more and more complex relations between the elements, sets and even entire systems functioning in various spatial arrangements. The research on the changes in industry structures implemented by Polish researchers representing various fields of science has been an essential element of the cognitive process for many years. Among them are also geographers for whom the spatial aspects (the characteristics and issues) of industrial activity seem particularly significant. However, the issues handled by them mostly regard land areas. Therefore, there is also a strong need for wide-range theoretical and applicable research on the identification of sea and coastal areas functioning on the basis of diversified industrial structures, using the previous academic achievements, including the achievements of the Polish economic sea geography.
EN
At present fish processing industry is one of the most dynamically developing groups belonging to food industry in Poland. In the last ten years the sold production of fish processing industry increased over three times. Fish processing companies reveal a great ability to adapt to turbulently changing conditions of the market game. It happens this way, among others, as a result of creating competitiveness by widely understood consolidation processes and creating strong organizational and spatial ties of an international range. At the same time European market of fish processing guaranteed not only economic standards for already existing companies, but also became an impulse for creating new production units offering their products and services in the European Union market. The article attempts to determine the weight of factors and advantages of location for fish processing industry in Poland and their influence on the changes in the spatial structure. Besides the changes in distribution, the food processing companies in Poland were also characterized taking into consideration their concentrationin view of the theory of cluster.
EN
The purpose of this article is the answer to the following question: what is the influence of the transformations on the spatial relations of industry in the area of the Slupsk subregion. Making an overall estimation of the past processes, one can state that in the period of 1995–2003 a distinctive change took place. There has been a significant diminution of the cities’ role as the converging points of most of industrial production potential. Of course, it is still in the cities that most of industry’s staff potential is located. However, the communes situated in the suburban areas, but also those located in a considerable distance from the cities (The Kolczyglowy commune), or sometimes peripheral in relation to the subregion’s boundaries (The Wicko commune) tend to take over production functions, every year becoming more and more important among places of this type of activities. An essential fact is that of subregion’s division according to the flow of the number of those employed in the industrial sector to the northern and southern sections. The division is the consequence of the fact that subregion’s northern section no longer significantly assembles the working power. On the other hand, a considerable growth in that area has taken place in the subregion’s southern parts. Industrial spatial structure of the Slupsk’s subregion is therefore significantly varied, and the transformations taking place in the spatial relations prove that the adaptation processes are constant ones.
EN
The article aims to present the result of surveys and secondary data, which were to identifythe future needs of employers and investors in the work force (specification of the necessaryqualifications and the level of previous experience) in the short term (up to 1 year) in the labormarket in the Silesian and Subcarpathian region.The study found that people entering the labor market (including students) recognize theneed for a greater adaptability to market requirements. Therefore, we may note an increasednumber of people participating in active labor market programs. Unfortunately, the total efficiencyof training in the regions concerned is not very high. Thus, vocational training mustchange its image, although sometimes this process is occurring far too slowly. The third link inthe labor market are the employers who recognize the fact that it is much cheaper to acquire anemployee with a certain level of knowledge and skills. Unfortunately, for some employers apprenticeships,young workers and the entire system of vocational education are seen as a wayto attract cheap labor. Yet the developing process of globalization, the stage of advancement ofthe socio – economic as well as the dynamics of the economy itself that stimulate the demand for skills and jobs are constantly changing. The most desirable professions in the Polish andEuropean labor market concern the services sector including, in particular trade. Other jobsare and will be linked, on the one hand, with simple operations such as cleaning and, on theother hand, with the scientific professions. Of course, the demand for certain professions willhave strong regional circumstances related to the economic base of the region as well as thedemographic structure. Hence it is difficult to make a single list of deficit jobs for Poland. It isworth noting that the market demand for certain skills and occupations is and will be unstable,so any training must take place in the system of pull (suction).
EN
The purpose of this work is the evaluation of the level of development of renewable energy industry in Ukraine, with special emphasis on the spatial dimension of its functioning. The authors inquired, among others, the issues of spatial structure of the estimated RES (renewable energy sources) technical potential, spatial diversification of energy production based on renewable sources and policy of supporting investments in renewable energy, and popularising knowledge about RES in Ukraine. The research material comes from available analytical reports, yearbooks and statistical studies published by specialist governmental and international agencies as well as scientific institutions. Primary data were analysed using basic tools of descriptive statistics and spatial analysis methods. As it results from the conducted research, the significance of renewable energy in Ukraine’s energy mix is still negligible. It applies to exploiting the technical potential, the installed power (capacity) and the participation in the structure of the energy production.The spatial distribution of energy production from renewable sources shows a significant diversity as a consequence of the diversification of its potential. In Ukraine, the availability of sources of finances is a substantial condition for further development of renewable energy industry. Unfortunately, national institutional support, including financial one for this type of investment, is very limited in terms of scale, form and location, as well as funding time.
PL
Celem pracy jest ocena osiągniętego poziomu rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej na Ukrainie ze szczególnym akcentem na przestrzenny wymiar jej funkcjonowania. W zakresie autorskich dociekań znalazły się m.in. kwestie przestrzennej struktury oszacowanego potencjału technicznego odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE), zróżnicowania przestrzennego produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych oraz polityki wspierania inwestycji w energetykę odnawialną i popularyzacji wiedzy o OZE na Ukrainie. Materiał do badań pochodzi z ogólnodostępnych raportów analitycznych, roczników i opracowań statystycznych publikowanych przez specjalistyczne agencje rządowe i międzynarodowe oraz instytucje naukowe. Dane źródłowe są analizowane z wykorzystaniem podstawowych narzędzi statystyki opisowej oraz metod analizy przestrzennej. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, znaczenie OZE w miksie energetycznym Ukrainy jest nadal znikome. Dotyczy to wykorzystania potencjału technicznego, mocy zainstalowanej oraz udziału w strukturze produkcji energii.Rozkład przestrzenny produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych wykazuje znaczące zróżnicowanie, będące konsekwencją zróżnicowania jego potencjału. Istotnym warunkiem dalszego rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej na Ukrainie jest dostępność źródeł finansowania. Niestety, państwowe wsparcie instytucjonalne, w tym finansowe, dla tego typu inwestycji jest bardzo ograniczone tak pod względem skali, formy i miejsca, jak również czasu finansowania.
EN
The article describes the structure of Scania as a global corporation. The company manufactures: city buses, coaches and heavy-load trucks. The article depicts the development of Scania in the world and mainly in Poland. We have described in detail the company from Słupsk – Scania Production Słupsk S.A. Mainly, employment figures and structures, production in numbers, as well as target markets. The part of work concerns the strategy of the company and the plans for further expansion.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.