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EN
The author of the study focused his attention on the interpretation of canons 190-191 CIC which deal with transfer from an ecclesiastical office. Analyses which carried out show that in the Canon law, apart from the pope, everyone holding an ecclesiastical office can be transferred. Generally speaking, the doctrine distinguishes two types of transfer – a voluntary and an involuntary one. It needs to be stressed that the first from of transfer is never a disciplinary action. In the case of the latter one, transfer can take place either in the course of an administrative procedure or as a disciplinary action. According to the studies carried out, some of the regulations dealing, with this area of the Canon Law are of a rather flexible nature, especially as far as the arrangements concerning vacancy are concerned. In can. 191 § 1 CIC, the legislator gives the opportunity to make an exception to the general rule by introducing the following clause: unless the law states otherwise or competent authority gives different orders. It seems that it was necessary to introduce such a statement since the Canon Law includes regulations which should be applicable in the entire Church. Specific conditions occurring in particular churches could lead to a situation in which the authorities of a lower jurisdictional degree might in special circumstances make a decision not in accordance with or even against the regulations codified in can. 191 § CIC.
EN
Author in of the presented article focused his attention on the nature of personal and real privileges. As the study shows, the legislator took a stance on the issue of the nature of privileges in can. 78 §§ 1-3 CIC. The legal definition of privilege codified in can. 76 1 CIC contains a presumption allowing for the opposite evidence. This means that the permanence of a decision of this type is of a conditional nature. In other words, it is not an essential element of this institution. Can. 78 §§ 2-3 CIC, on the other hand, codifies the dispositions concerning the cessation of two principle categories of privileges, i. e. personal and real privileges. The cessation of both types of privileges is of a natural character. A personal privilege granted to an individual is extinguished with the person’s death and is not inherited by the heirs whereas a privilege concerning a legal personality ceases when the conditions codified in can. 120 § 1 CIC are met. Finally, a real privilege becomes extinguished through the complete destruction of be thing or place. Still, in the case of a local privilege, the legislator bases on legal fiction allowing for the revival of a privilege if the destroyed place is restored within fifty years. In conclusion, the author points out that prescriptive arrangements concerning the nature of personal and real privileges codified in can. 78 § 1-3 CIC result from positive law. The legislator establishing them bases on the mechanism of legal fiction.
PL
W przedstawionym opracowaniu przedmiotem zainteresowania Autora stała się wykładnia kan. 136 KPK. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, iż w porządku prawnym Kościoła pierwotną relacją pomiędzy sprawującym władzę a wiernym jest relacja personalna. Ta pryncypialna współzależność wynika z przesłanek teologicznych wiążących się z przyjęciem zarówno sakramentu chrztu, jak i sakramentu święceń. W myśl rozwiązań systemowych, zarówno władzę terytorialną, jak i władzę personalną autorytety kościelne mogą sprawować względem swoich poddanych, gdziekolwiek się oni znajdują. Ponadto Autor wykazał, iż w kan. 136 KPK ustawodawca zawarł jeszcze jedną hipotezę dotyczącą możliwości sprawowania władzy względem podróżnych. W tym przypadku przewagę nad więzią personalną uzyskuje zasada terytorialna, uwydatniona poprzez decyzję ustawodawcy.
EN
The main issue of the presented study was the range of exercising executive power. The author focused his attention on the interpretation of can. 136 CIC. The analysis carried out shows that in the Church legal order the primary relation between an authority and the faithful is personal. This fundamental correlation results from theological premises connected with the sacrament of christening and holy orders. This unusual bond is re;ected in the analyzed disposition (can. 136 CIC), but also in non – code dispositions exercising personal power. System solutions make it clear that territorial as well as personal power can be exercised over the authority’s subjects irrespective of where exactly they are. Moreover, the author proved that can. 136 CIC includes one more hypothesis concerning the possibility of exercising power over travellers. In this case, the territorial principle, emphasized by the legislator, becomes dominant because of the personal bond. It seems that the reasons for this approach are pragmatic since the legislator intended to make exercising.
EN
The author of the presented article out a thorough interpretation of can. 127 § 1 CIC. According to the analyses, in the final stage of the decision process a superior remains autonomous in placing acts. However, making the decision becomes impossible without the consent of a college or group of persons. The author of the study proved that convoking a college or group of persons is a strict requirement. This is because in this case a disabling act applies in implicit manner. The analysed can. 127 § 1 CIC include different dispositions concerning the consent and counsel. If a superior does not procure the consent, he cannot act as he intended to. As for the counsel, he is obliged under sanction of invalidity to seek the judgement of college or group of persons. In this case, however, it is not necessary for him to follow the opinion expressed by the consultative body. According to the author, the diversity of the solutions applied from the diverse character of acts placed by an ecclesiastical superior in the canonical system.
EN
The author in the presented article focused on the issue of the roles of a community and of a legislator in the making process of a legal custom in the canonical system. Analyzing the content of the instructions included in cann. 23 – 28 CIC, he pointed out that in the canonical system the community of the faithful remains the causative force of a custom; while the legislator allows for the custom to exist in the system and acknowledges its validity. This specific role of a community results from the involvement of the faithful in the triple mission of Christ, i. e. the mission of a priest, of a king, and of a prophet
EN
In the presented article the author made detailed interpretation of can. 140–141 CIC which concerning power delegated to one or many persons. He pointed out that the rules included in these canons are supposed to guarantee „collision - free” realization of the one’s duties.The author proved that the dispositions concerning power delegated in solidum and consecutively are not of a nature of an annulling act (can. 140 § 1, 141 CIC). He believes that what the legislator tried to avoid by using such legislative techniques was invalidity of actions taken by other delegated persons.On the other hand, the directives included in can. 140 § 2 CIC concerning collegial delegation are of a nature of an annulling act. This, however, results not from the content of the canon but rather from the nature of things since a collegiate act is substantially not a sum acts of particular people but a new act.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
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vol. 11
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issue 5
225-233
EN
II articolo presenta la sentenza della Rota Romana emanata dal titolo della incapacità ad assumere le obbligazioni essenziali del matrimonio. Dopo aver riferito la natura di incapacità l’autore ha indicato che la distruzione della personalità comporta l’incapacità di relazioni interpersonali. Si tratta di persone incapaci di stabilire una communione autentica di vita matrimoniale.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
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vol. 11
|
issue 5
235-240
EN
L’ introduzione del dolo come nuovo vizio di nullità ha fatto sorgere un non facile problema di diritto canonico. Se discute infatti se esso debba essere aplicato soltanto ai matrimoni celebrati dopo l’entrata in vigore dei nuovo codice od anche a quelli celebrati precedentamente. Presentata sentenza rotale indica che il can. 1098 è una disposizione di diritto ecclesiastico, posta dal legislatore umano. Ciò significa che la norma non è retroattiva.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
|
vol. 11
|
issue 5
211-216
EN
Si trata di una sentenza rotale pro nulliate, emanata dal titolo del can. 1084. Il ponente rotale ha concentrato la sua attenzione alla questione d ’impotenza organica femminile. Questo impedimento impedisce il matrimonio in forza del diritto naturale. II ponente rotale sottolinea che si deve distinguere l’impotenza fisica da quella funzionale. Soltanto la l’impotenza antecedente e perpetua causa la nullità del matrimonio.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
|
vol. 11
|
issue 5
217-223
EN
Si trata di una sentenza rotale negativa, emanata dal titolo del can. 1095 n. 2. Il ponente rotale ha concentrato la sua attenzione alla questione di libertà interna dei contraenti. In questo studio si presenta e commenta tutte le parti suddetta sentenza sia „in iure” che „in facto”.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
|
vol. 11
|
issue 5
151-168
EN
Questo articolo presenta lo sviluppo storico di quella istituzione. Fonti di diritto canonico indicano che l’adulterio è rimasto sempre la causa principale per una ricorso all’uso della seprazione conjugale. Esso è ritenuto un comportamemto fortamente turbativo della convivenza coniugale, dall punto di vista etico, personale e sociale. La separazione perpetua è considerata come un estremo ed eccezionale rimedio per salvaguardare il bene del coniuge innocente. Poiché le norme canonice sollecitano una disponibilita del coniuge innocente a un attegiamento di cristiana caritatevole compresione e al perdono verso il coniuge colpevole.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2000
|
vol. 11
|
issue 5
9-21
EN
In questo articolo viene presentata la relazione fra la categoria dell’atto giuridico e il sistema dei diritto matrimoniale canonico. L’analisi semantica e strutturale di questa realtà porta alla constatazione che i meccanismi sottostanti al sistema dei dirittto matrimoniale canonico possono essere interpretati coerentemente solo sulla base della teoria dell’atto giuridico. Tale interpretazione è rafforzata dal carattere pubblico di questa branca dei diritto.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2005
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vol. 16
|
issue 10
85-118
EN
Lo scioglimento del matrimonio in seguito all’applicazione del favore della fede (privilegium fidei) costituisce uno degli istituti rivelanti del diritto matrimoniale canonico. In questo studio è stata offerta una panoramica dello sviluppo di questo istituto a partire dai tempi biblici fino a arrivare alle soluzioni previste nel diritto vigente, quali sono: lo scioglimento del matrimonio in forza del privilegio paolino (cann. 1143-1147 CIC), lo scioglimento del matrimonio fra i  poligami convertiti (can. 1148 § § 1-3 CIC), lo scioglimento del matrimonio nel caso della prigionia o della persecuzione (can. 1149 CIC), come anche lo scioglimento del matrimonio nelle situazioni non contemplate nel Codice del 1983.Dalle analisi risulta che attualmente la principale ratio della concessione di una tale grazia pontificia è non solo il favore della fede della persona che si converte, ma il bene spirituale quel’è la salvezza dell’uomo.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2005
|
vol. 16
|
issue 10
29-52
EN
L'oggetto della relazione è la problematica relativa alla rilevanza della schizophrenia per la validità del matrimonio canonico. LAutore, tenendo conto delle soluzioni elaborate nella giurisprudenza della Rota Romana e nella dottrina, ha esaminato l’influsso dei singoli stadi della sudatta psicosi sulla validità del consenso, cioè della fase iniziale, della fase qualificata nonchè della fase terminale. Un altro profilo è stato l’analisi della possibilità di capacità consensuale nel corso della remissione.Un ulteriore aspetto tratatto nella relazione è la presentazione della problematica della partecipazione di un perito psichiatra nelle cause di dicharazione di nullità matrimoniale.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2005
|
vol. 16
|
issue 10
207-216
EN
Lattenzione della sentenza Rotale c. Pompedda del 6 giugno 1997 è stata rivolta principalmente alla c. d. condicio potestativa in riferimento alla possibilité della generazione della prole da parte della donna convenuta. Dalle particolareggiate analisi della parte in iure della medessima sentenza risulta che alla luce della giurisprudenza prevalente una tale condizione potrebbe incidere sulla validité del consenso solo se assume forma di una condizione de praesenti avente come oggetto la capacité procreativa dell’altra parte.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2015
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vol. 26
|
issue 1
59-76
EN
The author of the presented article carried out an analysis of the writings of Early Christian Latin writers of 2nd and 3rd centuries concerning the unity and indissolubility of marriage. He pointed out that all of them stood for the unity of marriage (Tertullian, Marcus Minucius Felix, Saint Cyprian, Novatian). Some interpretative controversies arise among patrologists around the texts of Tertullian and Lactantius concerning the indissolubility of marriage. The author proved, mainly on the basis of the views of Crouzel, that these texts should be interpreted primarily in the context of conditions in which they were written. They should not be perceived as consent for a new marriage in the case of adultery.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2012
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vol. 23
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issue 17
185-201
EN
The study presented by the author is a commentary on the sentence issued by of Roman Rota c. Alwan of 22 October 2009. In this case, the process of marriage annulment started on the grounds of lack of canonical form and disparity of cult. The rotal Turnus decided for the validity of the marriage since the regulations concerning the canonical form were met. During the trial, it was also proved that disparity cult dispensation was rightly granted.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2012
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vol. 23
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issue 17
173-183
EN
The presented study is a commentary on an unpublished sentence of Roman Rota c. De Angelis issued on 8 July 2009. In his commentary, the author pointed out that the divergence between the decision of the courts of first and second instance resulted on the one hand form different approaches to the value of Circular Letter of Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts published in 2006 and, on the other hand, from different interpretative options concerning the category of withdrawal from the Catholic Church community of its members by means of a legal act. According to the author, for these reasons the status of the faithful participating, in the pastoral life of Fraternity of St. Pius was understood differently by the judges of the French court of first instance and the judges of Roman Rota. As a result, the court of the first instance decided that the parties involved in the schismatic community were not obliged to retain the canonical form; in contrast, the other court, taking into account the internal intention of the decision mad by the parties, came to a conclusion that they did not withdraw from the Church und so they ought toenter into marriage in the legally established form.
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