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THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS IN DEMOBILIZATION: THE PRO-CHOICE PROTEST MOVEMENT ACTIVITY IN POLAND

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Rak J., Bäcker R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2023
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vol. 55
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issue 2
197 - 219
EN
The paper aims at contributing to our understanding of the role of emotions in the protest movements’ demobilization by drawing on the prochoice protest movement activity in Poland. The two most significant waves of social mobilization in the history of democratic Poland were an expression of opposition to the tightening of anti-abortion laws. Although those populist movements failed to achieve their goals, their mass activity ended. Charles Tilly’s and Sidney Tarrow’s theoretical framework of demobilization explains the dynamics of contention only to some extent. Accordingly, demobilization began when most protesters became discouraged due to repression, boredom, and the desire to return to their everyday life. However, it is a puzzle under what conditions these cognitive factors translate into demobilization in a way that shapes and finishes the trajectory of movement activity. The study contributes theoretically to social movement studies and contentious politics by developing the theory of demobilization. It also sheds light on the role of emotions in orienting and shaping mass mobilization. Furthermore, it contributes empirically to studies on pro-choice activism in Poland by explaining the dynamics of the two great waves of mass mobilization.
2

Trajektoria trwania opancerzonych demokracji

100%
Bäcker R., Rak J.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
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2019
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vol. 41
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issue 3
63-82
EN
The theoretical category of militant democracy in Karl Loevenstein’s meaning is described well in world scholarly literature. Notwithstanding, there is no comprehensive typology of militant democracy which would allow for identifying and diversifying various political regimes which meet the distinctive features of the Weberian ideal type of militant democracy. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to formulate a typology of militant democracies which would be a useful analytical tool for studying diverse political regimes. Importantly, this paper contributes to the field by proposing the framework of the theory, i.e., militant democracies’ trajectory of continuance which consists of the types of militant democracies and the relationships between them. It is significant to assume that the subjects of militant democracy use offensive and defensive strategies which are characterised by the following degrees of intensity: low, moderate, and high. Hence, nine types of these strategies’ configurations are determined. They generate nine types of militant democracies. Moreover, there are nine factorial relationships between them, which are useful for assessing whether and how empirical exemplifications of political regimes change. This proposal of the typology of militant democracies is highly applicable to empirical studies and worth developing in a theoretical way on the basis of new criteria such as the potential of regime regeneration.
3
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Problem badawczy

100%
Rak J., Bäcker R.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2015
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issue 5(36)
155-164
EN
A problem is a question which concerns some lack of knowledge. A number of research problems types may be distinguished. The questions about facts are fundamental. However, they are particularly significant in natural sciences. In social sciences (e.g., what is the structure of the ruling elite in prerogative states?) their significance is considerably smaller. Then, there is the type of classificatory questions, i.e., these questions relate to the distinctive features of the class of beings, phenomena of facts fulfilment by being, phenomenon or fact. Indeed, the questions about relations between dependent and independent variables are the most prevalent in social sciences. The last type of questions is formulated on the basis of the model of antinomic behavioural ideal types. This type is characterized by the high extent of applicability to research (i.a., qualitative analyses). It is useful because offers frameworks to determining distances between being/phenomenon/ fact and its behavioural ideal type.
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