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Otoczenie polityczno-prawne administracji publicznej

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EN
The analysis of the political and legal environment of the public administration has been presented from the point of view of arational lawmaker who aims the legal framework enabling influence of politics on the administration. This is reflected in the general administrative law, the administrative law of organizational structures, the substantive administrative law and the procedural administrative law.
EN
Performing public tasks in the field of higher education, consisting in academic education and conducting independent academic research, is not assigned to the State because it is assigned to public and non-public organizational units possessing an attribute of legal personality (Arts 12 and 29 paragraph 1 of the Act of 27 July 2005 Law on Higher Education). Nonetheless, it should be emphasized that this public task has a public character and a non-transferable attribute. These features clearly indicate the State as the final decision-making instance. The analysis conducted from the historical perspective shows the growth of significance of the role of the State in performing public tasks in the field of higher education. Contemporary transformations of the State consist in establishing elements of social and economic accountability of universities against stakeholders. What should help to achieve the aforementioned aim is a legal system of expanded regulation, oriented toward strengthening academic autonomy and students’ (including PhD students’) legal position, improvement of the quality of education, improvement of the openness and transparencyof the internal processes taking place at universities.
EN
Reforms known as New Public Management in Anglo-Saxon countries are well known to Polish readers, at the same time the literature connected with these reforms implemented in Germany virtually does not exist. The issue of New Public Management settled in Germany is more important to us because structural and functional basis of Polish administration are much more similar to continental than to the Anglo-Saxon model of public administration. The article aims at presenting efforts made to adjust German administration to the efficiency requirements in two ways. The first way are grassroots initiatives taken by local governments whose purpose is to reconfigure their internal structure in order to measure efficiency and gain concrete outputs. The second way is based on deep system-wide reforms: structural, functional and territorial. The specifics of the depicted reforms taken up in Germany are variety and multiple enhanced by federal nature of state; at the same time preferential treatment the rule that administration acts within the law and under the law whose rules reflect classical Weberian's model of public administration.
PL
The phenomenon of multiform nature of public administration has been presented from the point of view of a rational lawmaker who perceives the need for a proper legal framework to design the versatility of public administration. This is especially reflected in the administrative law of organizational structures and in the substantive administrative law, while the main purpose of the general administrative law is to guarantee normative unity in the multifaceted character of public administration.
PL
Założenie racjonalnego prawodawcy to nieodłączny element argumentacyjny klasycznej dogmatyki prawniczej i prima facie nie przystaje do koncepcji sterowania, która została wypracowana na gruncie szeroko pojętych nauk administracyjnych i która zajmuje się celowym i zamierzonym kształtowaniem rzeczywistości społecznej. Jednak zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do samorządu terytorialnego, jako podmiotu samodzielnego, działającego w imieniu własnym i na własną odpowiedzialność, rozpatrywanie tej instytucji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ambiwalencji podmiotu sterowanego i jednocześnie sterującego otwiera interesującą perspektywę badawczą.
EN
The concept of the rational lawmaker is an inherent part of classic legal dogmatics and, at first glance, does not suit the concept of governance that has been developed in the area of broadly-understood administrative studies and deals with the deliberate and intentional formation of social realities. However, viewing this institution as a controlled and simultaneously controlling entity opens up an interesting research perspective, especially with respect to territorial self-government, as an independent entity operating in its own name and at its own risk.
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