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National attitudes and reactions to conflict: exploration of the role of differences in cognitive functioning1

100%
Golec d. Z. A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2005
|
vol. 36
|
issue 4
213-223
EN
The paper presents a first test of a hypothesis that differences in inter-group consequences of patriotism and nationalism may be mediated by underlying differences in cognitive functioning. In a study conducted amongst Warsaw students, in a period proceeding Polish accession to the European Union, we tested relationships between types of national attachments, cognitive-motivational variables (need for cognitive closure and involvement in information gathering), and preferences for action in the conflict between supporters and opponents of European integration. The results indicate that although higher need for closure underlies nationalism, it is not this relationship that is responsible for a tendency to avoid cooperation and to choose coercion associated with nationalism. Higher level of nationalism was predicted both by higher need for closure and higher patriotism. The analyses revealed an indirect effect of patriotism on a tendency to avoid cooperation and choose coercion in conflict that was mediated through nationalism. However, net of the common variance with nationalism, stronger patriotism predicted more involvement in the gathering of neutral information about European integration and related conflict, which in turn mediated patriotism's effect on a choice of cooperation in the conflict.
2

CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES QUESTIONNAIRE

100%
Golec d. Z. A.
Psychological Studies
|
2005
|
vol. 43
|
issue 2
15-34
EN
The paper presents the Conflict Resolution Strategies Questionnaire and analyses its psychometric properties. The questionnaire measures individual preferences of strategies of actions in political conflicts. Results of four studies are presented: - 2 studies conducted among the young Polish politicians and -2 studies conducted among subjects representing various levels of education and age groups. The results show that (1) various types of actions undertaken in the midst of political conflict come together in people's minds into: strategies escalating conflicts, cooperative strategies and mediation strategies; (2) scales measuring individual preference for each of these group of strategies are reliable; (3) inter-groups comparisons and correlation with other factors confirm the theoretical validity of these scales. The results also indicate that preference for escalatory strategies are related to high Social Dominance Orientation, in-group bias, nationalism and need of cognitive closure. Preference for cooperative and mediatory strategies are related to preference for equality in social relations, negative attitude towards nationalism but a positive one towards patriotism, higher political knowledge and low need of cognitive closure.
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