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Evaluating the Extent and Nature of ‘Envelope Wages’ in the European Union: A Geographical Analysis

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Williams C., School of Management U. o. S.

European Spatial Research and Policy

2009

vol. 16

issue 1

To evaluate the spatialities of the illegal wage practice where employers pay their declared employees both an official declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope’ wage so as to avoid tax liabilities, a 2007 survey conducted in 27 European Union (EU) member states is reported. The finding is that 5% of employees received envelope wages which amount on average to some two-fifths of their wage packet. Revealing how, although heavily concentrated in a small group of East-Central European nations, this wage practice is nonetheless ubiquitous, the paper concludes by discussing how this practice might be tackled.

Evaluating the Prevalence and Nature of Self-Employment in the Informal Economy: Evidence From a 27-Nation European Survey

51%

Williams C., Nadin S., Windebank J., Williams C. S. o. M., Nadin S. S. o. M., Windebank J. S. o. M.

European Spatial Research and Policy

2012

vol. 19

issue 1

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2 European Spatial Research and Policy

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1 2009

2 Williams C.

1 Nadin S.

1 Nadin S. S. o. M.

1 School of Management U. o. S.

1 Williams C. S. o. M.

1 Windebank J.

1 Windebank J. S. o. M.

Search results

Evaluating the Extent and Nature of ‘Envelope Wages’ in the European Union: A Geographical Analysis

Evaluating the Prevalence and Nature of Self-Employment in the Informal Economy: Evidence From a 27-Nation European Survey