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INWENTARYZACJA ZABYTKÓW W OKRESIE DWUDZIESTOLECIA MIĘDZYWOJENNEGO

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Lewicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

1999

issue 4

375-390

Attempts at a completion of inventories of Polish historical monuments date back to the last 150 years. First widerranging inventory undertakings originated in the mid-nineteenth century (the campaign conducted by Kazimierz Stronczyński). Subsequently, inventories were initiated upon several occasions, but their outcome concerned only several counties (Cracow, Grybów and four counties in the Lublin region). A more extensive inventory campaign was not commenced until after 1918. The work performed at the time can be divided into two groups: a professional topographic inventory based on earlier registers of historical monuments, and photographs and measurements of particular buildings. The topographic inventory was conducted in accordance with an earlier devised plan, which originally involved about 40 counties. Assistance was rendered by conservation offices, and from 1929 the work was coordinated by the newly established Central Inventory Office, which supervised the inventory campaign and inaugurated systematic efforts financed by the state. The inventories were based on an officially issued instruction (1930), which defined particular principles. The inventories encompassed works of art from the tenth century to the middle of the nineteenth century, and in exceptional instances took into consideration objects from a later period. The central offices gathered “descriptive- scientific material” as well as collections of technical measurements and photographs, and commenced a register of historical monuments. An inventory of historical monuments dealing with particular counties was edited and published. Regional inventory offices and groups of persons conducting the inventories were organised, and cooperation with assorted institutions and professional experts was established. The inventory campaign was supported also by official conservators and voivodeship Departments of Art, which cared for local historical monuments. Up to the outbreak of the war, it proved possible to complete the inventories of more than ten counties; two such inventories were issued in the form of separate publications (the county of Nowy Targ, prep. by S. Szydłowski,Warszawa 1938, and the county of Rawa Mazowiecka, ed. by J. Szablowski,Warszawa 1939). Further tasks entailed measurements and photograph inventories of particular monuments of architecture. The widest campaign was pursued by the Departments of Architecture at the Polytechnics inWarsaw and Lvov. Those efforts denoted inventories of various types of buildings: castles, palaces, churches, synagogues, Russian Orthodox and Uniate churches, whole villages and rural architecture. The outcome included architectonic and photographic inventories. Such initiative was carried out with enormous impetus and, from the viewpoint of the applied methods, was highly innovative (the Institute of Polish Architecture at the Warsaw Polytechnic was headed by Oskar Sosnowski). Almost the entire collection at the Warsaw Polytechnic, concerning the territory of the Second Republic, has been preserved, but the collection at the Lvov Polytechnic became scattered after 1939. The examined article discusses inventory leafs pertaining to particular historical monuments from about 1932 to 1935, kept in the Institute of Art at the Polish Academy of Sciences (Warsaw), and concerning the terrains of presentday Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania, topographic inventories in manuscript form (e. g. the county of Zaleszczyki, today: Ukraine), and a number of scientific works based on completed inventories, e. g. on art in Vilno and Lvov. Owing to the subsequent devastation of numerous historical monuments, these publications, dealing with Polish, Jewish, Ukrainian, Belorussian and Lithuanian monuments, are of enormous importance, and testify to the diversity and richness of the Central European cultural landscape.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Lewicki J.

1 1999

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INWENTARYZACJA ZABYTKÓW W OKRESIE DWUDZIESTOLECIA MIĘDZYWOJENNEGO