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1

Zastosowanie środków chemicznych do zwalczania biologicznych szkodników obiektów zabytkowych

100%

Strzelczyk A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1978

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issue 2

128-131

EN

As follows from the proceedings of the Institute on Historical Monuments and Conservation Problems, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, the conservators of historical monuments do not command of a sufficient stock of knowledge of employing fungicides and insecticides to fight biological pest destroying those monuments. This is a problem of great significance since the incorrect application of those agents is liable to neutralize their action and, even, to damage the monuments concarned or impair their beauty (crystallization, washing away of paint, change of the colouring of plaster). Not infrequently cases are recorded of only those chemical agents being used which are currently available on the market or at the conservation workshop concerned. They are usually the pesticides effective but in some instances and unsuitable in others. The basic components o f the so-called biocides should be the compounds which — without damaging the historical monument concerned — disinfect it and protect from decay in future. The specification given in the table prepared by the author aims at propating the effective methods o f disinfection of historical monuments and their protection from biological pest. The data comprised therein are based on numerous items of specialist literature and on the research conducted by the staff of the Institute’s Department for Conservation of Paper and Leather. The conservators may follow the author’s directions with-out any fear of destroying the historical monuments handled by them.

2

Jałowienie akwarel i pasteli parami fungicydów

63%

Strzelczyk A., Rosa H.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1975

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issue 1

61-67

EN

Disinfection of moulded water colours and pastels creates much difficoulties during their restoration. Therefore studies on the selection of fungicides and methods of their application were pei’formed. The purpose of our work was to study the effect of solvents and fungicidal vapours on water colours and pastels in order to establish a non-damaging method of their disinfection. As water colour samples served paints from 4 different panels of contemporary production (total of 57 paints) From among different kinds of pastels 96 were used in our study. The influence of various organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, benzene and ether), the vapours of fungicidal solutions, sublimating fungicides (without solvents) and gaseous disinfectant Rotanox (ethylene oxid) on the above paints was investigated. Among the fungicides used, were : p-dichlor-benzene, p-chlor-m-cresol, sodium p-chlor-m-cresolate, phenyl mercuric acetate and sodium о-phenyl phenolate. The efficacy of disinfection of water colour samples and pastels by sublimating fungicides was circumscribed. Also their preventive ability against the fungal development in future was established. The method of disinfection was veryfied on 2 moulded pictures from Polish museums : M. Łada — „My grandmother” (pastel) and A. Kędzierski — „The reaper” (water colour). The results obtained show a strongly harmful effect on the paints studied of vapours of the solvents and fungicidal solutions. The main damages of paints under the influence of these chemicals were : the solubilization < f paints, their migration into the paper medium, their f dening and/or darkening. The most secure was the disinfection with the vapours of sublimating fungicides or Rotanox. The best results were obtained with vapours of p-chlor-m-cresol, phenyl mercuric acetate and Rotanox. The proposed method of disinfection of water colour, and pastels is as follows : 1. Prepare filter paper sheets and the polyethylene bags of the same size as the moulded picture. 2. Saturate the above mentioned filter paper with ethanolic solution of PCMC (10%) or OFR (1%) and remain to evaporate the solvent. 3. Put the picture between the impregnated filter paper sheets in polyethylene bags and secure with adhesive tape. 4. The pastels with weaken paint layer have to be disinfected in polyethylene cameras or in bags forming inside them higher edges of pasteboard. 5. The time o f disinfection for PCMC is 7 days at 23°C and for OFR 3 days at 40°C. The ethylene oxid — Totanox gives a full sterilizing effect after 24 h but doesn’t prevent the objects for future time.

3

Promieniowce niszczące malowidła olejne

63%

Pietrykowska S., Strzelczyk A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1969

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issue 4

263-272

FR

les fr é q u e n ts cas des p e in tu re s à l’h u ile a tta q u é e s p a r les a c tin omy c e s. Ils se d év e lo p p e n t su r le p a rem e n t e t le su p p o r t des o b je c tifs p o u r la p lu p a r t trè s en d om m ag é s. Ces m ic ro o rg an ism e s p é n é tr a n t p ro fo n d ém e n t p e u v e n t d é tru ire l ’o b je c tif a ffa ib lis s a n t le s u b s tr a t e t la couche de la p ré p a ra tio n , ils s’a tta q u e n t à la couche d ’h u ile la r e n d a n t m a te e t p o reu s e e t p a r là -m êm e p lu s hygroscopique. Les a c tin om y c e s o n t besoin p o u r le u r dév e lo p p emen t, de m êm e q u e d ’a u tr e s m ic ro o rg a n ism e s, la p ré sen c e d ans le s u b s tr a t de compositions c a rb o n iq u e s o rg a n iq u e s e t de compositions azo tiq u e s sous fo rm e m in é ra le ou o rg an iq u e . Ces composés so n t m is à p ro f it comme so u rc e d ’é n e rg ie e t m a tiè re p o u r la fo rm a tio n de le u r p ro p r e co rp s e t c eu x de leu rs d e sc en d an ts. Le rô le de ces m ic ro o rg a n ism e s d an s la décomposition des ré s id u s v é g é ta u x e t a n im a u x dans les co n d itio n s n a tu re lle s , e s t co n n u , m a is n o u s ne possédons au cu n e é tu d e c o n c e rn a n t le rô le de ces m ic ro o rg an ism e s dans la d e s tru c tio n des p e in tu re s à l ’huile. A cet e ffe t, le b u t de l ’o u v rag e p ré s e n t é ta it d ’ex am in e r: 1. q u e ls é lém e n ts des p e in tu re s à l ’h u ile c o n s titu e n t la so u rc e p rin c ip a le de n u tr itio n p o u r les m ic ro o rg a nismes e t p e u v e n t ê tre p a r c e u x -c i décomposés, 2. le d év e lo p p em en t de ces mic ro o rg a n ism e s su r la p e in tu re p e u t- il in f lu e r su r les ch an g em en ts dans la co u leu r des p igm en ts, 3. q u e lle e s t le u r s e n s ib ilité à l ’a c tio n des ag en ts to x iq ues. Comme m a té rie l d ’é tu d e ont s e rv i d eu x p e in tu re s à l ’h u ile e x am in é e s au p e in t de vu e te ch n o lo g iq u e e t co n se rv é e s à l ’E ta b lis s em e n t de C o n se rv a tio n des Biens M o b ilie rs de la C h a ire de Technologie e t T e c h n iq u e s p ic tu ra le s de l ’U n iv e rs ité Nicolas Copernic à T o ru ń : ,,Le C h ris t au J a rd in d ’Olives (il. la , bc) et „La C ru c ific a tio n ” (il. 2a bc). On a p ré le v é su r les d eu x p e in tu re s 22 sp é c im en s d ’a c tinomyces, a p p a r te n a n t à la fam ille de S trep tom y c e s (genre: g lo b isp o rus, a n n u la tu s , ro ch ei e t au tre s). Les ac tin om y c e s isolés o n t su b i les ex am e n s su iv a n ts : a. d é te rm in a tio n de l ’in te n s ité de d é composition de la toile, b e t c. d é fin itio n de la c ap a c ité d ’h y d ro lis a tio n de la colle d’os e t de l ’amid o n , d. d é te rm in a tio n de la c a p a c ité de d écomposition de l ’h u ile de lin, e. p ro d u c tio n de su lfu r e d ’h y d ro g èn e en p ré s en c e de d iv e rs composés de so u fre , de ch a rb o n e t d ’azote, in flu e n c e du s u lfu r e d ’h y d ro g èn e p ro d u it p a r les a c tin om y c e s s u r les c h an g em en ts de te in te s des color a n ts p ic tu ra u x , f. d é te rm in a tio n de la sen s ib ilité des a c tinomyces a u x ag en ts fongicides. Les r é s u lta ts des re ch e rch e s in d iq u e n t la c a p a c ité des actin omy c e s à la décomposition de to u te s les s u b s ta n ces o rg an iq u e s ex amin é e s e n tr a n t dans la comp o sitio n des p e in tu re s . La se n s ib ilité de ces su b s tan c e s à la d e stru c tio n é ta it c ep en d an t d iffé ren te . Les a c tin om y ces ont cau sé des c h an g em en ts p ro p o rtio n n e lem e n t peu im p o rta n ts dans la ré s is ta n c e de la to ile (tabl. 1). Il co n v ien t d ’e x p liq u e r ce fa it p a r la p ré s en c e d a p s le m ilie u de composés o rg an iq u e s, b e au co u p p lu s a ssimilab le s p o u r les actinomyces, comme p a r ex. les colles. Dans le tab l. II on a p ré s e n té les d iffé ren c e s e n tr e les actin omy ces des deux p e in tu re s dans le u r c ap a c ité de décomposition de la colle d ’os et de l ’amidon. On a o b se rv é q u e les espèces p ré le v é e s des d eu x p e in tu re s n ’av a ie n t p a s c e tte mêm e capacité. Les e sp è c e s de la p e in tu re I u sa ien t l ’amid o n plu s fa c ilem en t, e t les espèces de la p e in tu re II é ta ie n t m ieu x a d ap té s à la décomposition de la colle an im ale. L a cau se de ces d iffé ren c e s dans la c ap a c ité de ces d e u x g ro u p e s d ’actinomyces co n siste p e u t ê tre dans le fa it de le u r a d a p ta tio n à la décomposition de la colle p a rtic u liè r e q u i se tro u v e dans la p e in tu re . I l re s so rt des ex am e n s technologiques des p e in tu re s q u e l ’o b je c tif I c o n ten a it de n om b re u x re s te s de colle d ’amidon, d o n t il é ta it au tre fo is re co u v e rt, e t la p e in tu re II c o n te n a it b e a u coup de colle an im a le dans la to ile et le lia n t dans la p ré p a ra tio n . Chez tous les g ro u p e s d ’actin omy c e s on a c o n s ta té la c ap a c ité à h y d ro ly s e r l ’h u ile (ta b l. III) e t à c ré e r le glycérol e t des acides g ra s lib re s (a c c ro issem en t de l ’indice d ’acide ap rè s la cu ltu re ). Le gly céro l e s t p o u r les m ic ro o rg an ism e s une source de c h a rb o n e t d ’én e rg ie fa c ilem e n t accessible, tan d is q u e les acides g ra s se co n sum en t trè s le n tem e n t. S u r la b a se des indices de sap o n ific a tio n e t d ’iode on p e u t co n c lu re q u e la consommation des acides g ra s p a r les a c tin o myces ex am in é s co n d u it à b r is e r la c h a în e d e s acides g ra s e t à c ré e r des acides o rg an iq u e s à fa ib le s m o lé cules, ce q u i p ro u v e le u r c ap a c ité à la d é s in té g ra tio n comp lè te de ces composés. On a ég a lem en t co n s ta té q u e les a c tinomyces so n t capables de p ro d u ire des su lfu re s d ’h y d ro g èn e en p ré sen c e de div e rse s so u rc e s de so u fre a in s i q u e de ch a rb o n e t d ’azote (tabl. IV—VI). Ce gaz p o u v a it occasionner des ch an g em en ts d an s la co u leu r des p ig m en ts p ic tu r a u x p ré p a ré s su r u n lia n t d ’h u ile e t de gomme (ta b l. VI). Il s e r a it in e x a c t d ’a ttr ib u e r ce p h én omèn e u n iq u em en t à l ’a c tio n des im p u re té s de l ’air, si l’on p re n d en c o n sid é ra tio n la g ra n d e a c tiv ité des m ic ro o rg an ism e s.

4

Zastosowanie Sterinolu do mycia i jałowienia zabytkowych książek i grafik

63%

Strzelczyk A., Rosa H.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1977

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issue 1-2

70-74

EN

The quaternary ammonium salts are well known disinfectants used in hospitals for cleaning of infected surfaces, washing etc. and also in paper manufactories for protecting of paper againts fungal attack. The USSR authors recommend to use these compounds for disinfection of panel and mural paintings. Sterinol is the Polish POLFA product containing the 10% water solution of ammonium dimethyliaurylbenzyl bromide.. In our studies Sterinol was treated as 100% liquied for diluting. The following properties of Sterinol were studied: 1. The concentrations o f Sterinol contained in media for inhibiting the development o f bacteria, their spores and fungi ; 2. The concentrations of Sterinol for disinfecting the mildewed samples of anciend papers in static and dynamic washings (temp. 23° and 55°C); 3. Influence of Sterinol washings on the solubility of inks, China inks and printing paints. The results obtained: 1. Water solutions of Sterinol may be recommended for disinfection of mildewed ancient papers; 2. The highly disinfecting effect against bacteria and fungi show 5,0, 7,5 and 10% solutions at the temperature 50—55°C. In room temperature (20—23°C) 10% Solutions of Sterinol have good disinfecting properties ; 3. Because of its detergent properties Sterinol can be used also for cleaning dirty papers the concentration of 3—5%. 4. Proposed method of disinfection : Prepare the sterilizing washing containing 7,5% of Sterinol (75 ml in 925 ml) of hot water (50—55°C) in suitable beaker and immerse into the paper object. Softened dirt and fungal growth are removed by delicate brushing. After cleaning the paper is placed in fresh solution of Sterinol and left for some minutes. Then it is recommended to rinse the paper in in distiled water to remove the residues of Sterinol. After carefull rinsing the paper must be dried between filter paper sheets. The strongly weakened papers must be cleaned and disinfected by placing then between two nylon nets or on the glass. 5. The above mentioned method may be safely used for printed books and to uncoloured prints. For manuscripts it might be used after establishing the insolubility of inks. 6. Sterinol solutions are also recommended for easy and quick disinfection of laboratory instruments, surface (tables, shelfs) and hands after the work with mildewed objects. This desinfectant is not toxic for men.

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4 Ochrona Zabytków

1 1978

1 1977

1 1975

1 1969

4 Strzelczyk A.

2 Rosa H.

1 Pietrykowska S.

Zastosowanie środków chemicznych do zwalczania biologicznych szkodników obiektów zabytkowych

Jałowienie akwarel i pasteli parami fungicydów

Promieniowce niszczące malowidła olejne

Zastosowanie Sterinolu do mycia i jałowienia zabytkowych książek i grafik