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EN
The main purpose of this article was seeking determinants of development of „to be" and „to have"attitudes. There was undertaken an empirical research of 34 persons with using The Scale of „to be" and „to have" attitudes. The results of this research show that people concentrated on „to have" and these concentrated on „to be" do not differ in level of selfesteem. The significant differences between these two groups are connected with a type of orientation toward an external world („to be": open; „to have": closed) and understanding and experience of the values. The results suggest need of further empirical researches and seeking of psychosocial determinants of attitudes „to be" and „to have".
EN
The main problem of this article is seeking for psychological aspect of the sacrament of marriage. Existential psychologists (i. e. Rollo May, Erich Fromm, Victor E. Franki) show the lack of meaning, person seen as a function and loneliness as the main problems of modern man. In this context the sacrament of marriage is seen as a dialogue between God and man (man and woman) and between man and woman. God says by the sacrament of marriage that man^s and woman"s lives have an unending value (uniąue and unrepeatable). The sacrament of marriage is seen as an unselfish gift of God and man and woman for each other. The most dangerous for this sense and aspect of marriage is pretension attitude and disturbance of the dialogue between wife and husband (i. e. by contraception). For finding out of this, existential and religious, meaning of marriage and for life according to this sense wife and husband should be faithful in prayers and should form an existential attitude „to be".
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PL
WSTĘP. 1. „KATOLICKO-SUBLIMACYJNE” PODEJŚCIE DO CELIBATU. 2. CELIBAT JAKO RELACJA W ŚWIETLE TEORII JOSEPHA R. NUTTINA. 3. STRUKTURA RELACYJNIE ROZUMIANEGO CELIBATU. 3.1. OSOBOWOŚĆ („JA”) CZŁOWIEKA. 3.2. TYPOLOGIA RELACJI ZE ŚWIATEM. 3.3. TYPY ŚWIATA W RELACJACH „JA” – ŚWIAT. 4. ŚW. JÓZEF – ORĘDOWNIK KAPŁANÓW I OSOBOWY WZÓR. ZAKOŃCZENIE.
EN
The main purpose of the article is discussion with psychological conception of understanding the celibacy as a form of sublimation. This interpretation is connected with the psychoanalytical view of personality and sexuality. The personality is there seen as a “closed” system existing for its own purpose; its energy is originally biological and sexual. In such vision the religious and spiritual values are secondary ones. Such interpretation of the celibacy is incorrect. Therefore the author of the article proposes to interpret the celibacy in the light of the relational concept of personality, originated mainly by Joseph R. Nuttin (author of Psychoanalysis and Personality). Personality is seen in this concept as a part of connection “I – world”. The personality is based on the relations with the world and creates them. The sense of life and its quality depends here on self esteem, kind of relations and the interpretation of the world. There are therefore many possible situations and configurations. The relational interpretation of celibacy corresponds very well with religious understanding. It helps to understand much better the nature of the celibacy and the priest’s personality in its dynamic perspective (for example development or overcoming the crisis). This turn is free, what is especially important, from the danger of egocentrism and unclear terms such as unconsciousness, sublimation etc. So it seems very important to understand and interpret the celibacy in terms of the relational concept of personality.
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