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Honor Stirna: morderstwo, szaleństwo i normy społeczne w osiemnastowiecznym Londynie

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Dobrowolski P. T.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2017

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vol. 124

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issue 3

PL

Osiemnastowieczny Londyn stawał się miastem wielu mniejszości wyznaniowych i etnicznych. Artykuł na podstawie akt sądowych i relacji prasowych opisuje przypadek niemieckiego imigranta, który popełnił morderstwo, a potem targnął się na własne życie. Narracje poświęcone tej sprawie ukazują wyzwania akulturacji i mechanizmy społecznej alienacji w rynkowo zorientowanym wielkomiejskim środowisku. London of the eighteenth century was becoming a city of confessional and ethnic diversity. Based on court and press reports, this article investigates a case of a German immigrant, who committed murder followed with a suicide. The narratives related to this case speak of aculturation challenges and mechanisms of social alienation, which were played out in a market-oriented urban environment.

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Cytrynowy jedwab. Wdowa Hutchins, Żydzi i przestępczość zorganizowana w Londynie XVIII w.

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Dobrowolski P. T.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2015

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vol. 122

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issue 1

PL

A Piece of Lemon-Silk: Widow Hutchins, the Jews, and Organized Crime in XVIIIth Century LondonThe article is informed by Old Bailey Proceedings of the case against a Jewish criminal gang, which in summer 1771 broke into a house of a well-to-do Chelsea widow. The case received much publicity: the press reports culled from major monthlies are used to corroborate the basic narrative, and its mutations, which – in turn – exemplify several themes, such as gang violence and criminal associations in the city, the English anti-Semitism and attitudes toward the newcomers, the Askenazi Jews, and the urban commodity-based market consciousness with its notions of security – important in shaping the late XVIIIth century London culture.

3

Popular Justice or Why Were There No Sans-Culottes in America?

100%

Dobrowolski P. T.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2017

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vol. 124

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issue 1

PL

The article applies a comparative perspective to assess the onset of the two ‘successful’ eighteen-century revolutions – the American and the French. The Boston events of March 1770 are compared with those of Paris in July 1789: in both cases ‘the people’ faced the soldiers, riots and politically generated violence led to bloodshed, but the subsequent actions of the insurgents showed a marked difference in understanding the sense of justice and the ways of promoting revolutionary discourse. Boston patriots relied on the English-based system of common law, were ready to condemn their own radicals and did not wish plebeian justice to prevail. They hoped for a perestroika, not for a revolution. The French – finding no culprits to condemn, and having as of yet no legal institutions of their own to use – were willing to disregard the legal continuity of the state and to search for more radical solutions.

4

By Coach to the Scaffold: Theatres of Remorse in Eighteenth-Century London

100%

Dobrowolski P. T.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2014

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vol. 121

PL

On January 14, 1767 Samuel Orton, London entrepreneur was driven to be hanged by a mourning coach. Most convicts, including those who travelled with him to the traditional city gallows at Tyburn were carted and the magistrates, whograntedhimthisprivilegewereclearlymakinganexception.Orton’scase and its analysis is informed by the detailed press reports read against the growing research into the evolution of London’s eighteenth-century bloody code and urban ‘theatres of death’. Strategies of penalizing crime are seen not as much in the light of statistics of death sentences as through their perception drawn by literate urban audiences from detailed press reports. The scenarios of hanging pirates, highwaymen and petty criminals traditionally included the edifying reports of the ‘last dying speeches’, while Orton, an educated businessman sentenced to death for a ‘new crime’ of forgery (punishable by death only from 1729) chose not to speak at the gallows but instead published an open letter professing himself a victim of market economy based on credit he could not satisfy. A death sentence mitigated by a gesture of granting him a coach is thus – on the one hand – a mark of lawmakers’ growing determination to penalize financial transgression, while – on the other – a sign of lingering social and ethical ambiguity about harshness such decisions of the court.

5

Powozem na szafot. Teatry skruchy w osiemnastowiecznym Londynie

100%

Dobrowolski P. T.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2013

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vol. 120

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issue 3

PL

By Coach to the Scaffold: Theatres of Remorse in Eighteenth-Century LondonOn January 14, 1767 Samuel Orton, London entrepreneur was driven to be hanged by a mourning coach. Most convicts, including those who travelled with him to the traditional city gallows at Tyburn were carted and the magistrates, who granted him this privilege were clearly making an exception. Orton’s case and its analysis is informed by the detailed press reports read against the growing research into the evolution of London’s XVIIIth century bloody code and urban “theatres of death”. Strategies of penalizing crime are seen not as much in the light of statistics of death sentences as through their perception drawn by literate urban audiences from detailed press reports. The scenarios of hanging pirates, highwaymen and petty criminals traditionally included the edifying reports of the “last dying speeches”, while Orton, an educated businessman sentenced to death for a “new crime” of forgery (punishable by death only from 1729) chose not to speak at the gallows but instead published an open letter professing himself a victim of market economy based on credit he could not satisfy. A death sentence mitigated by a gesture of granting him a coach is thus – on the one hand – a mark of lawmakers’ growing determination to penalize financial transgression, while – on the other – a sign of lingering social and ethical ambiguity about harshness such decisions of the court.

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Honor Stirna: morderstwo, szaleństwo i normy społeczne w osiemnastowiecznym Londynie

Cytrynowy jedwab. Wdowa Hutchins, Żydzi i przestępczość zorganizowana w Londynie XVIII w.

Popular Justice or Why Were There No Sans-Culottes in America?

By Coach to the Scaffold: Theatres of Remorse in Eighteenth-Century London

Powozem na szafot. Teatry skruchy w osiemnastowiecznym Londynie