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EN
Economic entities, along with increasing demands in politics as well as Polish and EU strategies in the field of the protection of environment, seek the minimalization of the pressure inflicted. The hard coal mining and processing industry, despite much success, is still producing considerable amount of solid waste. What is more, there are still many uncultivated mounds. The annual amount of waste produced is 31,5 mln of tons, and 568,8 mln of tons so far stored (as of the end of 2010). The waste from the current production is, in more than 90%, subjected to recycling and used mainly for the terrain leveling as well as engineering works, and those lingering on the mounds are being more often used. However, the generally accepted and standardized methods of such enterprise solvency are still lacking. It is connected with the fact that they require taking into consideration many aspects such as law, technical, economical, ecological and social ones. The cost-benefit analysis method, conducted from the point of view of a waste owner as well as a businessman wanting to cultivate waste and local authorities, on the terrain where the mould is located, has been suggested in the report. The proposed model solutions may be the basis for the analyses of similar type. Its application (use), along with the analyses results, has been presented on a particular example.
PL
Działalność górnicza nieodłącznie związana jest z ingerencją w środowisko i dotyczy przekształceń krajobrazu, zmian stosunków wodnych i jakości powietrza. Zaostrzenie w ostatnich latach wymogów ochrony środowiska spowodowało szereg działań minimalizujących wpływ pozyskiwania, przetwarzania i wykorzystania surowców mineralnych. Często, poprzez rekultywację i zagospodarowanie zajętych na ten cel terenów, górnictwo rekompensuje poniesione straty, a także tworzy nowe wartości użytkowe, w wielu przypadkach o wyższych walorach (Nieć, Pietrzyk-Sokulska i in. 2008). Wyczerpywanie i nieodnawialność zasobów kopalin wymusza racjonalne ich zużycie, recykling oraz stosowanie substytutów (Kudełko, Nitek 2011), co ograniczy m.in. zajmowanie terenów pod eksploatację nowych złóż i w konsekwencji zmniejszy presję na środowisko. W artykule przeanalizowano zachodzące w górnictwie zmiany, zwracając uwagę na szanse i zagrożenia dla dalszego jego rozwoju w Polsce na tle gospodarki globalnej. Wskazano także sposoby minimalizacji presji przemysłu wydobywczego na środowisko i metody naprawy nieuniknionych przekształceń komponentów środowiska (Pietrzyk-Sokulska 2004) wraz z oceną efektów środowiskowych tych działań w całym cyklu życia.
EN
Mining activity is inextricably linked with the interference in the environment and concerns the transformation of the landscape, change of water and air quality. Stepping up in recent years, the environmental protection requirements resulted in a series of actions to minimize the impact of the acquisition, processing and utilization of mineral resources. Often, through the rehabilitation of land used for mining, the industry compensate for losses, and creates new values, in many cases better than before (Nieć, Pietrzyk-Sokulska et al. 2008). Depletion of mineral resources and non-renewability enforces their rational use, recycling and the use of substitutes (Kudełko, Nitek 2011), which among other things limit use of land for the exploitation of new deposits and consequently reduce pressure on the environment. The article examines the changes taking place in the mining, paying attention to the opportunities and threats for its further development in Poland against the background of the global economy. It also identified ways to minimize the pressure of mining industry on the environment and repair methods the inevitable transformation of environmental components (Pietrzyk-Sokulska 2004) together with an assessment of the environmental effects of these activities throughout the life cycle.
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