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The main issues of Ayresian instrumental economics presented in the paper are: - interpretation of American capitalism made by C. E. Ayres in accordance with the principles of his instrumental economics; - theory of value, presenting a dual concept of values: real values and price values; - criticism of instrumental economics. The paper contains also an evaluation of the views held by Ayres, pointing out the clear definition of the philosophical basis of economic views and the theory of values. The author says that Ayres’s institutional economics is the most developed of all the neoinstitulional attempts at solving that problem and underlines that is not a normative but an empirical and simultaneously a positive science looking for a subject of analysis. In his views, the fundamental drawbacks of the Ayresian theory are the strengthened dependence between philosophy and economics and underestimation of other currents of economic thought and application possibilities of economics such as interindustry methods, theory of games and econometrics.
EN
The article is an attempt at providing an answer to two questions. Firstly - to what extent J. K. Galbraith’s theoretical contributions are an expression of transformations occurring in the American economy and, secondly - to what extent it reflects a wider phenomenon i.e. crisis of the contemporary bourgeois economic thought.
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Wstęp do Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica nr 49
EN
Galbraith's vision of the state’s role in realization of the "programme of reforms" – as a leading representative of the contemporary American neoinstitutionalism - constitutes the main contents of the artlicle. In this connection, the author discusses a ) role of the money-credit policy i n realization of the "programme of reforms" b ) role of the financial policy in realization of the "programme of reforms" The article ends with a conclusion that a contemporary state, and especially a contemporary government , should continue to play a leading role in making macroeconomic decisions and determining instruments serving implementation of the sedecisions. This leads to another conclusion, and namely that Galbraith continues to be an ardent supporter of the financial policy and instruments belonging to the state financial policy.
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