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PL
Geography as a field of research in Kraków first developed in the middle of the 19th century. The Faculty of Tourism at Jagiellonian University was the first to create a large program in pilgrimage research between 1936 and 1939. The politics of the next five decades hampered the development of the program, with full-time studies beginning in the 1980s. The geography of religion program focused on research on the global nature of pilgrimages. Key research interests included historical and spatial issues and their effect on infrastructural, social, and economic changes at centers of religious worship as well as in surrounding regions and countries.
Tourism
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1-2
17-24
EN
The author attempts to outline early tourism writing by professors and graduates from the Kraków Academy (Akademia Krakowska), the majority of which are geographic and cartographic works. Among the authors, Jan Długosz, Wawrzyniec Korwin, Jan z Głogowa, Maciej z Miechowa (Miechowita), Bernard Wapowski and Marcin Kromer should be mentioned.
Tourism
|
2010
|
vol. 20
|
issue 2
5-35
EN
The article presents, both chronologically and thematically, the contribution of geography to the development of tourism research. The discussion concerns the situation in Poland but is presented in the context of the development of tourism geography in Europe and globally. The analysis includes only theoretical-methodological research. The output of Polish tourism geography after World War II has been considerable and comprises around 800 publications.
Turyzm
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1-2
17-24
EN
The author attempts to outline early tourism writing by professors and graduates from the Kraków Academy (Akademia Krakowska), the majority of which are geographic and cartographic works. Among the authors, Jan Długosz, Wawrzyniec Korwin, Jan z Głogowa, Maciej z Miechowa (Miechowita), Bernard Wapowski and Marcin Kromer should be mentioned.
EN
The last before the war, 8th Convention of Polish Geography Teachers, the only at that time nationwide forum for the exchange of geographical ideas, took place on 28–29 May 1939 at the Institute of Geography of the Jagiellonian University. The organizer was the Polish Association of Geography Teachers chaired at that time by Professor Stanisław Pawłowski, the director of the Institute of Geography of the University of Poznan. Each convention had an extensive educational part, and all the events were accompanied by cartographic exhibitions and those featuring teaching aids. The main lecture under the title „Geography and national defence” was delivered by Professor S. Pawłowski. In it, he characterized in a comprehensive way Polish defensive conditions. Another speech at the plenary session concerned Cieszyn Silesia. It was delivered by Dr. Antoni Wrzosek, the deputy director of the Silesian Institute. The remaining part of the Convention was devoted to educational matters. Participants also had the opportunity to visit a specially prepared cartographic exhibition, and that featuring the latest teaching aids. The Convention proceeded in a feverish atmosphere. Preparations for a probable war with Germany were under way everywhere. No one was expecting the attack of Stalin’s army and the occupation of part of the Polish territory by the Soviets. More and more often, patriotic feelings were publicly displayed. For many participants, the Krakow gathering was an occasion to meet friends and colleagues for the last time. Some speeches took on the character of a farewell. Three months later (exactly 94 days), the Second World War II broke out, and several days later Hitler’s aggression was followed by that of Stalin. The war brought martyrdom to a number of the Convention participants, both in German torture chambers and in the Soviet ones.
PL
Główny referat na Zjeździe pt. „Geografia a obronność państwa” wygłosił prof. S. Pawłowski. W sposób wszechstronny scharakteryzował w nim warunki obronne Polski. Zjazd odbywał się w bardzo gorączkowej atmosferze. Wokół trwały przygotowania do prawdopodobnej wojny z Niemcami. Nie przewidywano jeszcze zajęcia fragmentu terytorium Polski przez Sowietów. Niektóre wystąpienia nabrały charakteru pożegnalnego.
Turyzm
|
2010
|
vol. 20
|
issue 2
5-35
EN
The article presents, both chronologically and thematically, the contribution of geography to the development of tourism research. The discussion concerns the situation in Poland but is presented in the context of the development of tourism geography in Europe and globally. The analysis includes only theoretical-methodological research. The output of Polish tourism geography after World War II has been considerable and comprises around 800 publications.
11
51%
PL
Rozważania koncentrują się wokół pojęcia światowego systemu ośrodków pielgrzymkowych i zjawiska pielgrzymowania w świecie współczesnym. Zwrócono uwagę na wzajemne relacje między ośrodkami, wynikające zarówno z ich struktury przestrzennej, jak i funkcjonalnej. Wskazano najważniejsze centra pielgrzymkowe w poszczególnych religiach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ośrodków chrześcijańskich. W części końcowej zarysowano główne kierunki rozwoju migracji i miejsc pielgrzymkowych.
EN
The discussion focuses on the notion of the world system of pilgrimage centres and the phenomenon of pilgrimage in the contemporary world. The authors emphasize the correlations among the centres, resulting from both their spatial and functional structure. The most significant pilgrimage centres in individual religions have been mentioned, with particular consideration of the Christian ones. Towards the end of the article, the main development trends in pilgrimage migrations and destinations have been outlined.
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