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EN
So far the critics have not provided a proper reflection upon the problem of the flesh and phisicality in the works of Alexander Galich and Vladimir Vysotsky, the two classics of an author’s song. For Galich and Vysotsky, the flesh is not only the object of description, but also the element that creates new topics and meanings (death, illness, cannibalism) which reflect the immortality of a culture and its humanistic values. What is more, the poets take advantage of numerous possibilities that the flesh gives them both in the process of writing and in the act of performing their songs in front of the audience.
PL
W 1977 roku w Paryżu został opublikowany almanach literacki «Аполлон-77» („Apollo-77”), którego redaktorem był rosyjski malarz i rzeźbiarz emigracyjny Michaił Szemiakin. Wśród wielu utworów literatów zakazanych w Rosji sowieckiej, znalazło się w nim 20 wierszy „klasyka leningradzkiego nonkonformizmu” – Władlena Gawrilczika (1929–2017). Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę ich analizy. Opublikowane w paryskim almanachu wiersze Gawrilczika świadczą o podążaniu przez poetę drogą awangardowej tradycji literackiej. Dowodzą, że twórca obficie czerpie z folkloru dziecięcego, umiejętnie posługuje się skazem, ironią i sztuką parodii, wywołując śmiech czytelników.
EN
  In 1977 in Paris, the literary almanac «Аполлон-77» was published, the editor of which was a Russian painter and sculptor Mikhail Shemiakin. Among many works of writers banned in Soviet Russia, there were 20 poems of the "classic of Leningrad nonconformity" – Vladlen Gavrilchik (1929-2017). This article is an attempt to analyze them. Gavrilchik’s poems published in the Parisian almanac show his journey through the avant-garde literary tradition. Moreover, they prove that the artist profusely draws from children's folklore, skilfully uses flaws, irony and parody, evoking the laughter of his readers.
RU
 В 1977 году в Париже был издан литературный альманах "Аполлон-77" ("Аполлон-77"), под редакцией русского эмиграционного художника и скульптора Михаила Шемякина. Среди многих запрещенных в Советской России произведений писателей было 20 стихотворений классика ленинградского нонконформизма Владилена Гаврильчика (1929-2017). Данная статья представляет собой попытку их анализа. Поэмы Гаврильчика, опубликованные в парижском альманахе, свидетельствуют о стремлении поэта следовать авангардной литературной традиции. Они доказывают, что автор в изобилии использует детский фольклор, умело использует сказ, иронию и искусство пародии, заставляя читателей смеяться.      
EN
This article is devoted to an analysis of genre songs by Alexander Galich. Thanks to the epic element presented in these songs, the poet uses skaz to create a portrait of a contemporary epoch. By introducing skaz, which is a method of narration imitating the oral utterance, the author strictly refers to the literary tradition of Gogol, Babel and Zoshchenko. The main role of Galich’s skaz is irony, which can be perceived only by a prepared reader, whom the poet is counting on.
EN
This article is devoted to the analysis of the poem Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego (Epitaph for Vladimir Vysotsky) of Jacek Kaczmarski. In this poem the Polish bard conducts an intertextual dialogue with outstanding Russian poet and singer Vladimir Vysotsky.
PL
This article is devoted to the analysis of irony in Vladlen Gavrilchik’s lyrics, which belong to two directions in modern Russian poetry – “neo-primitive”, and “ironic, caricature-grotesque poetry”. Irony is one of the main literary techniques used by the Russian primitive poet. In the speech of Gavrilchik’s characters there is a hidden living author’s word, saturated with a hidden meaning. The recipient’s ignorance of the irony will certainly lead to interpretative failures. Therefore, Gavrilchik the ironist addresses his poetry to a reader who understands his poetic jokes and ironic games. The article also shows that Gavrilchik depicts Soviet reality in an ironic manner; he ironically reinterprets also socialist-realist images, simultaneously mocking the founders of socialist-realist poetics.
RU
In this article parody is analyzed as a type of intertextuality. A reader canonly understand an artistic text which is a parody when he/she notices the contrast between its subject matter and form. Parody appears in Aleksandr Galich’s and Vladimir Vysotsky‘s author’s songs on different structural levels. Both poets purposefully chose the material to initiate a parodic game. The former prefers to interact with an elitist listener who comprehends the multi-level textuality of his works, while the latter refers to well-known literary texts.
7
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Ilja Erenburg - fajczarz

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RU
Целью статьи является попытка взглянуть на Илью Эренбурга (1891–1967) через призму авто/биографического письма, создающего набросок к литературному портрету художника слова. Такой ракурс даст возможность раскрыть творческую личность Эренбурга–курильщика трубки, которая появляется как в текстах его современников, так и в переписке писателя с друзьями и знакомыми. Введенное в научный оборот эпистолярное наследие Эренбурга и полученные им письма, позволяют реконструировать его творческую личность и художественную стратегию, во многом ориентирующиеся на влияние широко понимаемой европейской культуры. Для Эренбурга трубка была не только практичным предметом, но и увлечением. В России трубка имела, прежде всего, европейское происхождение и для писателя оставалась, в основном, заметным знаком жизненной философии. Благодаря трубке писателю удавалось успешно привлечь к себе внимание окружения. Трубка учила его терпению, способствовала самоанализу, помогала измерять ритм протекающего времени.
PL
Celem artykułu jest spojrzenie na postać Ilji Erenburga (1891–1967) przez pryzmat pisarstwa auto/biograficznego, które stanowi szkic do literackiego portretu twórcy. Taka perspektywa pozwoli na zaprezentowanie sylwetki twórczej Erenburga-fajczarza, jaka wyłania się zarówno z tekstów jemu współczesnych, jak i z korespondencji prowadzonej przez pisarza z przyjaciółmi i ze znajomymi. Wprowadzona do obiegu naukowego epistolarna spuścizna Erenburga oraz otrzymywane przez niego listy umożliwią zrekonstruowanie jego osobowości twórczej i strategii artystycznej, budowanej w dużej mierze w oparciu o wpływy szeroko rozumianej kultury europejskiej. Dla Erenburga fajka nie była wyłącznie przedmiotem użytkowym, lecz wyrazem pasji. W Rosji fajka posiadała głównie europejski rodowód i dla pisarza pozostawała przede wszystkim widocznym znakiem filozofii życiowej. Dzięki fajce udawało się pisarzowi skutecznie przyciągać uwagę otoczenia. Fajka uczyła go cierpliwości, sprzyjała autorefleksji, pomagała odmierzać rytm upływającego czasu.
EN
The aim of the article is to look at the figure of Ilya Ehrenburg (1891–1967) through the prism of auto/biographical writing, which is a sketch for a literary portrait of the artist. This perspective will allow us to present the creative profile of Ehrenburg the pipe smoker, which emerges both from the texts of his contemporaries’, as well as from the writer's correspondence with friends and acquaintances. Ehrenburg's epistolary legacy introduced into the scientific circulation and the letters he received will make it possible to reconstruct his creative personality and artistic strategy, built largely on the influence of broadly understood European culture. For Ehrenburg, a pipe was not only a utilitarian object, but the expression of passion. In Russia, the pipe had mostly a European origin and for the writer it remained mainly a visible sign of life philosophy. Thanks to it, Ehrenburg successfully managed to attract the attention of the environment. What is more, the pipe taught him patience, favored self-reflection and helped measure the rhythm of the passing time.
RU
The present paper is an attempt to interpret the works of Esenin, which were created under the influence of his journey to the United States of America in 1922 and 1923. The considerations are focused on the discussion about culture and civilization in the cultural aspect of Russia and America. The polemics between Esenin and Mayakovski has also been emphasized as the Black Man’s author’s foreign trip was to a large extent motivated by his willingness to prove his poetic superiority over the outstanding futurist.
RU
 This article is devoted to the reception of Viktor Astafyev’s works by Polish literary critics. The authors examined Polish critical studies starting from the 1990s. Those elements that have not been analyzed yet are used to shed light on the works of this village prose writer. At the same time, the authors underline Viktor Astafyev’s religious awareness, pro-ecological way of thinking and his involvement in Russia’s current problems.
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