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Zespół kafli renesansowych z ratusza w Bytomiu

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Andrzejewska A., Łódzkiego I. A. U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2010
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vol. 27
EN
Archaeological research on the market square of the old town in Bytom were conducted in the years 1997-1999 on the occasion of rebuilding of underground installations and modernization of the surface. In their course relics of the town hall consisting of two one-tract wings of earlier erected, western, and subsequenly the eastern one, added around the half of the 16th century, had two cellars. The rst one, divided into three rooms, was situated under a bit older part, and was accessible immediately from the market place surface, whereas the second, divided into two localities was accesible from the room of the higher storey. In the rubble heap of these rooms lling an interesting collection of stove tiles was found. In the town hall 1189 fragments of tiles were found, as well as 2 complete bowl forms and 2 plates decorated with rosettes. Among the fragments specimens formed in matrixes - 585 specimens, 378 walls and 226 bowl tiles were distinguished. Except not numerous specimens the majority of the collection may be divided on the grounds of observed similarities of forms, metrical features and stylistics of decoration into three coherent technological-formal groups, which may be remains of two stoves. One may have been made on plan of a circle of bigger brown bowl tiles, whereas the other of green tiles, bowl and plate ones or, what is less probable, only plate ones. Reconstruction of the stoves from Bytom town hall needs further research, however at present as most probable should be recognized assignations concerning the dating of the green stove. It seems that it was built after 1526, in the second quarter of the 16th century.
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System grzewczy zamku w Narzymiu. Wstępna próba rekonstrukcji

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Marciniak - Kajzer A., Łódzkiego I. A. U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2010
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vol. 27
EN
Excavations in Narzym near Dzia³dowo began in 2003. In the Middle Ages this area belonged to the Teutonic knights state. Within three research seasons an area of 454.55 m2 was excavated (g. 1). Remains of a stronghold with a stone cylindrical tower from the 2nd half of the 14th century and of a castle built in the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries (g. 3) were discovered. For the whole time this seat belonged to private owners what is an absolute exception in the Teutonic knights state. Earlier object was heated probably by a stove of pot tiles (g. 7). Whereas, in the castle a stove (stoves?) of bowl tiles with square hole (g. 4a and 4b) functioned, and heating of hypocaustum type, what is testied by a nd of a fragment of heating hole framing (g. 6). Hypocaustic heating was relatively popular in the area of the Teutonic knights state, however the functioning of central heating system in magnate’s seat was stated for the rst time.
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Kafle z zamku radomskiego

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Olejnik J., Łódzkiego I. A. U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2010
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vol. 27
EN
The article includes an analysis of a collection of tiles obtained in the course of numerous excavations and archaeological-architectonic supervisions within the old castle complex in Radom built on foundation of Casimir the Great, together with the city walls, in the years 1340-1350. The complex was extended in the end of the 14th century, and in the rst half of the 16th century modernization of the object in the Renaissance style was conducted. Repairs, among others after the burning by the Swedish army, fall to the 17th century, while in 1787 the object was subjected to radical modernization by Alexander Potkañski, the last starost of Radom. During archaeological excavations within the buildings of the old castle 1516 fragments of tiles were obtained, from among which 40 are remains of vessel tiles with round or quadrangular holes, rarely in form of four- or ve-leaved shamrock. The tiles came entirely from mixed rubble layers, therefore the chronology was established on the grounds of stylistics and technological analysis. Finds of plate tiles were divided into chronological groups covering the period from the 16th to the end of the 18th century. The rst is constituted by Renaissance specimens from the 16th century. Here, specimens decorated with a rosette motif, an image of a peacock, fragments of niche and surmounting tiles, in shape of lilies were distinguished. The second group comprises late Renaissance specimens with a motif of a whirling rosette in frame, and shelf tiles among others with ornament of sh scale. A separate subgroup of late Renaissance tiles was formed by specimens with green glaze, on which a tournament scene (g. 13), a whirling rosette, a motif of so-called convex mirror (g. 15) are represented as well as a surmounting element with an upturned inscription “INRI”, in which the letters were divided by Xs. The third period, falling to the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, included specimens with continuous ornament, composed of vegetal-geometric motifs with characteristic heart motif in the central part, and fragments of ller tiles with motifs of rosettes placed in meshes of plaitwork. Among the specimens from the first half of the 17th century fragments decorated with motifs of vegetal twigs and vegetal-geometric ornament were distinguished, whereas specimens with image of an eagle wearing a crown, sometimes placed in a medallion as well as specimens decorated with strongly stylized oral ornament, which probably came from the same stove, are dated to a period about the half of the 17th century. An attempt at reconstruction of heating installation was made, which was built of two boxes in shape of cuboid. To the last period tiles in Rococo style were ascribed, unglazed or covered with white glaze. They were decorated with oral motifs or a motif of grape-vine. The research on the castle brought a discovery of an interesting tile collection with a very rich set of ornamental motifs, characteristic of high quality of realization. The material, however, is not fully representative because from among most of heating installations only fragments of tiles preserved, which do not the full picture of the stove’s splendor.
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O kaflach z Modliszewic czyli o piecach elity czasów wazowskich

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Kajzer L., Łódzkiego I. A. U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2010
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vol. 27
EN
The contents of the present paper are considerations concerning specicity of tiles and image (and possibilities of reconstruction) of stoves coming from the 1st half of the 17th century. The author begins with general observations using views of Maria D¹browska, and then comes to, published by the same author, stove of so-called Vasa castle in Warsaw. Next, he concentrates on discussing a stove from a manor-house in Modliszewice near Koñskie. This stove in white-navy blue colouring, was built at suggestion of Jan Lipski (†1641)in the 30’s of the 17th century. Subsequently, the author discusses other similar stoves from the 1st half of the 17th century, relics of which or only collections of tiles were found during archaeological excavations of castles and other residences in: Nowe Miasto on Warta, Lubawa, Ujazd, Piñczów and Brudzew near Turek. Most of these stoves were built as a result of foundation actions of narrowly understood social elite of the Vasa times, concretely late phases of the reign of Sigismund III (†1632) and the rule of Vladislav IV (1632 – 1648). The author submits a proposition that in the times of the rst ruler mostly white – navy blue stoves with green and yellow elements were built, and since the half of the 30’s of the 17th century only stoves with tiles with blue (navy blue) background and white relief. They represent typical of the early Baroque in Poland ornamentation. Probably therefore they should be treated as artifacts created in a circle of widely understood (in respect of time and space) court of Vladislav IV, or dened as “stoves of the Vasa times elite”.
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Zespół Kafli gotyckich z Ujazdu koło Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego

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Garas M., Łódzkiego I. A. U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2010
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vol. 27
EN
The article describes a nd of Gothic tiles found in the course of archaeological-architectonic research in the area of a residence in Ujazd near Tomaszów Mazowiecki. The most important owners of the town, who considerably in uenced the appearance of the castle, and then the palace were Piotr Strykowski, Piotr Dunin, Kacper Denhoff and the Ostrowski family. Material re ection of the complexes splendor were movable artifacts obtained during archaeological-architectonic research in the years 2002–2004. The Gothic tiles, which constitute about 75% of a rich collection consisting of over 1600 fragments were characteristic of the wealth of decorative motifs, which were divided into thematic groups. Among them, coat of arms representations, genre, sacral, court, architectonic renderings and illustrations of fauna and ora were distinguished. Most frequent were tiles with images of coats of arms – presented in three graphic manners of simple narration. Specimens with more developed stylistics were less numerous (representation of Doliwa coat of arms with attributes of the metropolitan bishop of Gniezno may be an example). Except the national emblem, White Eagle, all the other emblems represented on tiles of Ujazd were mentioned in “Klejnoty”, authorship of which is ascribed to Jan D³ugosz. Except tiles with images of coats of arms, specimens on which scenes of court and knight’s themes were distinguished – for example a scene with Saint George ghting the dragon, and probably amusement motifs, such as a representation of a march of musicians with a bear. The collection also included tiles with representations of moralizing implications, which comprised a fox watching for geese. What is also interesting is examples of images of various creatures, which are cetral motifs on tiles’ faces. First of them was a hybrid with human face and six limbs, the other - commonly known mermaid. Such creatures also include a tiger – this animal, although existing in a real world, in the Middle Ages was represented as a fantastic hybrid. Moreover, architectonic motifs among which most interesting is a representation of the castle enclosed in schematic coat of arms were distinguished. The described collection was compared to collections coming from royal, prince’s and bishop’s residences from the area of Great Poland Province.
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