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1

WHICH COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES DO SLOVAK PEDIATRICIANS CHOOSE TO FACILITATE PARENTAL DECISION-MAKING ABOUT CHILDHOOD VACCINATION?

100%
Bašnáková J., Hatoková M.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 2
139 – 155
EN
One of the most common factors underlying delaying or refusing childhood vaccination is concerned about vaccine safety. Parents often struggle with conflicting information about their adverse effects, vaccine-preventable diseases, and also with emotions such as fear or distress. Paediatricians are in a privileged position to facilitate parental decision-making related to vaccination, but can also tip hesitant parents towards vaccine refusal, especially if they do not communicate effectively. This qualitative study explores the decision-making processes of Slovak paediatricians in choosing communication strategies facilitating parental decisions about vaccination. We conducted literature search to identify recommendations about effective and ineffective communication strategies related to childhood vaccination, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 paediatricians. The results show that paediatricians typically lack formal training in communication with parents, but use a large number of effective communicative strategies that they have acquired during their clinical experience. However, often these decisions are not being made explicitly, and some paediatricians struggle with specific situations and types of parents. We conclude that implementing formal communication training in relation to childhood vaccination would make paediatricians’ daily work more efficient and less emotionally taxing.
2

BEYOND CZECH AND SLOVAK DIFFERENCES IN HOFSTEDE ́S MASCULINITY INDEX: AN INVESTIGATION OF CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES USING HOFSTEDE’S AND SCHWARTZ’S FRAMEWORK

81%
Brezina I., Bašnáková J., Sollár T.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 1
16 - 33
EN
A number of studies adopting either Hofstede ́s Cultural Values Survey approach or Schwartz ́s concept of Value Types have documented major distinctions in value preferences between Czechs and Slovaks. The most prominent one has been represented either by the dimension of Masculinity (as constructed by Hofstede) or value type of Achievement (a concept of Schwartz); both defined by similar content, stressing the importance of success, achievement and competence. In this study, we therefore aim to explore this difference in more detail. For that purpose, we contrasted two matched samples of Czech (N=200) and Slovak (N=200) participants representative of the two populations. One of the main findings of the study was that several items were interpreted quite differently both within and across the countries. This prompted us to look in more detail at the four items that make up the MAS index. Our results, based on participants ́ responses to VSM2013 and PVQ21 and their demographic information, suggest that factors such as religious affiliation, age, gender and residence size were not major predictors of cross-cultural differences in Masculinity, but rather this single item on Hofstede's VSM 2013 questionnaire. One theoretical possibility brought about by our findings is that while the dimension of Masculinity might be culturally universal, the items devised to measure it could have culture-specific content.
3

PREDICTING PERCEPTION OF RISKS AND BENEFITS WITHIN NOVEL DOMAINS

81%
Kostovičová L., Bašnáková J., Bačová V.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 3
176 – 192
EN
According to the cultural theory of risk, people’s cultural worldviews can bias the evaluation of risks and benefits, even after reading balanced arguments on a given topic. This assumption was tested on two controversial domains, which were relatively novel for the chosen population: nanoscience and HPV vaccination. Participants (N = 339) evaluated respective risks and benefits, either without or after reading balanced arguments. Contrary to earlier findings, positive perception of nanoscience was associated with egalitarianism. Worldviews of the pro- and con advocate of nanoscience influenced risk perception among people with little prior knowledge. Assessment of risks inherent to HPV vaccination was positively associated with hierarchism among men, negatively with familiarity among women, and sensitive to the worldviews of the advocates. We provide a discussion on how evaluation of risks and benefits in novel domains is affected by a complex interplay of cultural cognition, domain familiarity, personal relevance and general risk attitudes.
4

HOW RISKY IS HELPING REFUGEES? CULTURAL COGNITION AS A DETERMINANT OF RISK PERCEPTION

81%
Bašnáková J., Valuš L., Masaryk R.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
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issue 3
279 - 292
EN
What determines whether people perceive helping refugees as risky? Based on the predictions of the Cultural Theory of Risk, we experimentally investigated whether people’s perception of risk depends on their value orientations and whether presenting balanced arguments affects risk assessments. The participants (N = 1004) indicated the level of risk they see in the possibility of their country accepting refugees in the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, as well as in a less polarizing topic of mandatory MMR vaccination for comparison. Half of the sample read balanced arguments about these topics before risk assessment and the other half did not. Contrary to our predictions, balanced arguments did not influence how people perceived risks in either domain. Rather, risk assessment was affected by their worldviews: those who held fundamentalist values and believed in a strong state, tended to see helping refugees as risky. Mandatory vaccination was threatening for those in favour of fundamentalist values, but opposed to state interventions. Moreover, the subjective feeling of being knowledgeable of the refugee crisis, regardless of the accuracy of this knowledge, increased risk perception; for vaccination, more information was associated with decreased risk. The results suggest that risk assessment is influenced by people’s worldviews and the perceived urgency of the respective issues.
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