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David Hume a logika soudů vkusu

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Dadejík O.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
275-296
EN
David Hume‘s essay “Of the Standard of Taste” remains a source of interpretational controversy to this day. On the one hand, Hume’s conception is meant to have reduced the evaluation of beauty to a merely passive reaction to a certain impulse; on the other hand, he is treated as anticipating Kant’s aesthetic theory. The main aim of this study is to present the principal points of these controversies and to present a case for the view that Hume was capable of (1) not only perceiving an original philosophical problem, but also (2) of presenting an effective treatment, anticipating important motifs of contemporary aesthetics. In the first and second parts, the introductory passages of the essay are examined, in which Hume surveys the initial contradiction between the proverbial absence of agreement in matters of taste and, at the same time, its manifest presence. The contradiction is revealed to be the point of departure for reflections, and not as itself a problem into which Hume has been led into by his own assumptions. In the third part, the study returns to the beginnings of the interpretational controversy, so as to sketch the basic characteristics of a critical approach, and in the fourth part the ground-plan of an interpretation is presented which defends the possibility of a positive reading and finds in Hume’s essay an effective conception of critical practice.
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Průchod ke "Knize proměn" : metafyzika změny v čínském myšlení z perspektivy procesuální filosofie

51%
Dadejík O., Lomová O., Zuska V.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2018
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vol. 66
|
issue 6
827-844
EN
This study draws on the tradition of Chinese and European interpretations of the I-Ching (Book of Changes) and examines that book’s structure and its philosophical or metaphysical background with the help of contemporary western process philosophy. The main aim is to defend the thesis that the I-Ching presents a grasp of a basic insight that prioritises becoming over being and process or event over state – an insight that is insisted upon by process philosophy in opposition to the mainstream of the entirety of western thought. In the first and second parts, employing mutual comparison, the paper traces how the I-Ching attempts to capture the processes of becoming rather than fixed states. In the third part, the study discusses the convergence between the grasping of change in the I-Ching and, above all, Whitehead’s process philosophy, and the concluding fourth part provides evidence for the validity of the aforementioned hypotheses, placing the aspects examined in the wider context of Chinese nature lyrical poetry.
DE
Die vorliegende Studie knüpft an die traditionellen chinesischen und europäischen Interpretationen des Yijing (Buch der Wandlungen) an und beleuchtet vermittels der heutigen westlichen Prozessphilosophie dessen Struktur und seinen philosophischen bzw. metaphysischen Hintergrund. Hauptziel ist die Verteidigung der These, dass das Yijing die Erfassung des grundlegenden Einblicks darstellt, um den es gerade in der Prozessphilosophie geht und der im Gegensatz zur Hauptströmung des gesamten westlichen Denkens das Werden dem Sein vorzieht, sowie den Prozess bzw. des Ereignis dem Zustand. Im ersten und zweiten Teil der Studie wird im gegenseitigen Vergleich die Art und Weise verfolgt, in der im Yijing versucht wird, die Prozesse des Werdens und eben nicht fixierte Zustände zu erfassen. Der dritte Teil befasst sich mit der Konvergenz zwischen der Erfassung der Veränderung im Yijing und vor allem Whiteheads Prozessphilosophie. Im abschließenden vierten Teil wird dann die Gültigkeit der aufgeführten Hypothesen durch Erfassung der untersuchten Momente im breiteren Kontext der chinesischen Naturlyrik belegt.
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