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Prameny, pramenná kritika a soudobé dějiny. (Odpověď Kateřině Volné)

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Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2015
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vol. 113
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issue 1
145-161
EN
This discussion contribution highlights the issues of the importance of a critique of archival primary sources and the necessity to uphold established rules of oral research for the period of contemporary post-war history. The author responds here to a book on professors and students of the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University in Prague in the years of the so-called “normalisation”, i.e. the period of personnel purges following the Soviet military occupation of Czechoslovakia until the Velvet Revolution of 1989. The author points out that the archival materials originating from the activities of either the organs of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or Communist state security services cannot be used as a reliable illustration of events at that time unless a strict critique and contextual placement are applied. In addition, oral historical research has to work with eye-witness accounts bearing in mind their complexity and not to adopt merely a selective methodology.
2
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Jak psát dějiny moderních univerzit? Polemika nad IV. dílem Dějin univerzit v Evropě

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Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2014
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vol. 112
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issue 1
7-39
EN
The fourth volume of the synthetic work „A history of the University in Europe. Universities since 1945“ presents not merely a comprehensive overview of the development of post-war higher education but it also leaves us with a number of unanswered questions on the topic itself, as well as the means, possibilities and aims of the historiography of modern universities in general. The author critically interprets the main areas in which profound factual errors and manipulations typical for this prestigious, yet political rather than historical work, occur. In part two of his contribution, the author formulates fundamental premises for critical, although primary resource based, comparative research of post-war universities as a unique, supreme and scientifically oriented form of higher educational preparation of the elites in a slowly, but nonetheless academically merging Europe. He explains that universities are not merely market-oriented institutions of higher learning and producers of easily applied outcomes of research but also intellectual environments with important links and roles for society as a whole.
3
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Podvod jako vážný problém světové vědy i aktuální české historiografie

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Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2014
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vol. 112
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issue 3
497-511
EN
One accompanying phenomenon of modern science, which is focused on (measurable) output, is a radical increase in the types and forms of plagiarism, or fraud in other words, at the level of student essays, dissertations and pure research studies. This contribution demonstrates that cases of fraud, being both exemplary and the most serious ones in terms of financial implications, occur in the natural sciences, medicine and technological sciences, yet the humanities, namely historiography, are also blighted by misconduct of a similar vein. The author lists exemplary cases of fraud in academic research. Thereafter, supported by the Codes of Practice of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Charles University, he identifies with the help of exemplars, the four fundamental types of academic fraud in publishing: plagiarism, fabrication, falsification (including “negative falsification”) and data theft. He also highlights the fact that these are not mere trivial offences nor marginal phenomena but rather significant breaches of scientific conduct with an impact on the very substance of the respective discipline, and thus present a serious problem that modern historiography needs to address.
4
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Vržené i vlastní stíny členství v NSDAP

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Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2011
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vol. 109
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issue 1
116-125
EN
This study, which draws on works from current German historiograpy and is included in a collection edited by Nicolas Berge, analyses the system of accepting members to the NSDAP. This includes the transfer from youth organisations into the NSDAP and current practices and their limits especially during the final stages of World War II. In particular, its draws attention to the issue of assessing information on the NSDAP membership in those cases where not all relevant documents have been preserved.
5
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Německá recepce české produkce k moderním a soudobým dějinám

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Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2012
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vol. 110
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issue 3-4
558-574
EN
In his work on the history of historiography in terms of contemporary history, the author characterizes the uncontrolled explosion of contemporary history production in Germany (since 1989 the annual production has grown more than fivefold each year), the historiographic superpower which is the closest to the Czech historiographical environment. Basically, this rapid world-wide growth of literary production does hinder its comprehensive critical reception. Consequently, national historiographies, in fact, retreat into their own shells. In this context, the author poses the question on the relevance of quantification of historiographical production and its review reception and finds that, basically, it involves an exploration of the communication field of this discipline. The comprehensive examination of printed and also electronic German periodicals revealed that German historians without a?Bohemian study specialisation, are not interested in modern Czech (nor any other neighbouring) history at all and consequently not interested in historiography itself either. Those historians specialising in the countries east of Germany do follow, in terms of reviews, the contemporary Czechoslovak/Czech history production in German and English languages reasonably comprehensively. Bohemian studies specialists exceptionally also review some Czech publications. Thanks to the Munich periodical Bohemia, Czech historiography also enjoys a unique access to German publication media. However, the question remains what degree of reception Bohemia enjoys from historians outwith the Bohemian studies community?
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Nové Dějiny Ruska ve 20. století jako inspirace i výzva

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2016
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vol. 114
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issue 3
735-755
EN
This review article discusses the main concepts and methodological approaches of the History of Russia in the 20th Century by Dietmar Neutatz which is presented as the history of repeated, radical attempts at modernising Russian society. In his book, rather than adhering to the more traditional political and economic history approaches, Neutatz presents the reader with a broader cultural history of Russian society. The author of this article regards this latter approach as a very significant stimulus for the writing of the history of national societies in general.
7
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Stav německého dějepisectví poválečné doby očima západní Evropy

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Pešek J., Lohmann N.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2011
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vol. 109
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issue 4
807-820
EN
This review article summarizes a discussion on the state of German historiography in the post-war period, which took place in 2010 on the platform for the Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad (DGIA) with the participation of eminent German and Western European historians. The discussion focused upon the following areas: ‘chronology and ceasuras’, ‘generations and their memory’, ‘the primacy of politics versus the primacy of society’, and European context of German post-war history. It primarily thematizes the transition from German-European historical milestones to world-wide ceasuras; the question of the role of the German ‘obsession with Nazism’ and the influence of the 1968 generation upon the concept of post-war history; the contradiction between a huge international interest in the history of the GDR and indifference to the results of research dealing with the FRG; the unwillingness of German historians to accept the results of foreign researches of German post-war history as part of European history as a whole.
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Znovuzrození Českého časopisu historického

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Pánek J., Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2014
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vol. 112
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issue 4
605-623
EN
This current study highlights the re-stablishment and development of a leadingCzech historical magazine: The Czech Historical Review (Český časopis historický)after the Czechoslovak “Velvet Revolution” of 1989 until 2002. The Reviewwas published from 1895 until 1949 but in 1953 the Communist regime replacedit by the highly ideological Czechoslovak Historical Review. Professor František Šmahel, the eminent personality of Czech Medieval Studies from the 1960s onwards, though proscribed in the 1970s, took over the management of the Institute of History of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 1990 and thanks to his huge personal involvement and commitment this traditional periodical of the Czech historical community was restored. In addition, he promoted it and was editor- -in-chief until 2002. This study shows the re-establishment and development of the contributor base and the editorial background of the Review; it characterizes its contents profile, international outlook as well as its role as a mirror reflecting transformations of the Czech post-Revolution historiography.
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