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The legal nature of resolutions of the governing bodies of companies and their challengeability in the light of the provisions of Polish law

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Sikorska-Lewandowska A.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2019
|
issue 27_ENG
151-166
EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of the functioning models of the claimability of the resolutions of the bodies of companies in terms of the connection of these models with the legal nature of these resolutions. In the case of resolutions of shareholders meetings of companies, the provisions of the Code of Commercial Companies and Partnerships provide for a judicial review of each resolution adopted by that body. A different situation occurs in the case of resolutions of supervisory boards of companies, for which no procedure for pursuing legal actions against them is provided for in the CCC&P. The doctrine and the case law assume that, as a consequence of the application of the principle of unity of civil law, these resolutions can be challenged in court, as can invalid legal transactions. In this case, therefore, the legal nature of the resolution, and thus the determination that it is a legal transaction is crucial for the possibility of its challenging in court.
2
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Uprawnienia rolniczego zrzeszenia branżowego

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Sikorska-Lewandowska A.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
|
2016
|
issue 1 (18)
163-176
EN
The aim of the deliberations in this paper was to evaluate the competences of agricultural associations after Poland’s joining the European Union. The provisions of the Act of 8 October 1982 on Social and Trade Organisations of Farmers and other legislative acts providing for these organisations have been analysed. It is concluded that the above Act provided for a number of entitlements of farmers’ associations. Many of them, however, cannot be exercised because of the lack of their adjustment to the current situation of market economy. The agricultural industry association as a legal person can act as a proxy of a farmer, while a representative of a farmers’ organisation may act as a proxy in matters related to the management of an agricultural holding. In court proceedings, an agricultural industry association may act as a non-governmental organisation while in administrative proceedings it may act in the capacity of a social organisation pursuant to relevant legislative acts.
IT
L’obiettivo delle considerazioni è di valutare le competenze delle associazioni agricole di categoria con la nuova forma di ordinamento e dopo l’adesione della Polonia all’Unione europea. L’autrice analizza le disposizioni della legge dell’8 ottobre 1982 sulle organizzazioni socio-professionali degli agricoltori ed alcuni atti giuridici dai quali scaturiscono le competenze per le suddette organizzazioni. Nella parte conclusiva l’autrice afferma che dalla legge del 1982 derivano numerose competenze per le associazioni agricole di categoria. Tuttavia tante competenze derivanti dalla legge non possono essere realizzate al giorno d’oggi a causa del fatto che la regolazione non è stata adeguata all’odierna realtà dell’economia di mercato. L’associazione agricola di categoria, in quanto persona giuridica, può rappresentare l’agricoltore per procura, inoltre, nelle questioni relative alla gestione dell’azienda, la procura può essere concessa a un rappresentante dell’organizzazione degli agricoltori. Nei procedimenti giudiziari l’associazione agricola di categoria può partecipare in qualità di organizzazione non governativa, invece nei procedimenti amministrativi, come organizzazione sociale, sulla base della normativa in materia.
3

Charakter prawny uchwał organów spółek kapitałowych a ich zaskarżalność w świetle przepisów polskiego prawa

100%
Sikorska-Lewandowska A.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2019
|
issue 27
155-169
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza funkcjonujących modeli zaskarżalności uchwał organów spółek kapitałowych pod kątem powiązania tych modeli z charakterem prawnym tych uchwał. Przepisy kodeksu spółek handlowych przewidują sądowy tryb kontroli każdej uchwały zgromadzeń wspólników spółek kapitałowych. Odmienna sytuacja występuje w przypadku uchwał rad nadzorczych spółek kapitałowych, dla których nie przewidziano w regulacji k.s.h. trybu ich zaskarżania. W doktrynie oraz orzecznictwie przyjęto, że w konsekwencji zastosowania zasady jedności prawa cywilnego uchwały te mogą być kwestionowane na drodze sądowej tak jak nieważne czynności prawne. Charakter prawny uchwały, czyli ustalenie, że jest ona czynnością prawną, ma więc decydujące znaczenie dla możliwości jej zaskarżenia.
EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of the functioning models of the claimability of the resolutions of the bodies of companies in terms of the connection of these models with the legal nature of these resolutions. In the case of resolutions of shareholders meetings of companies, the provisions of the Code of Commercial Companies and Partnerships provide for a judicial review of each resolution adopted by that body. A different situation occurs in the case of resolutions of supervisory boards of companies, for which no procedure for pursuing legal actions against them is provided for in the CCC&P. The doctrine and the case law assume that, as a consequence of the application of the principle of unity of civil law, these resolutions can be challenged in court, as can invalid legal transactions. In this case, therefore, the legal nature of the resolution, and thus the determination that it is a legal transaction is crucial for the possibility of its challenging in court.
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