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Strany na ústupu, lídři na vzestupu? Personalizace volebního chování v České republice

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Linek L., Voženílková M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2017
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vol. 53
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issue 2
147-180
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse the personalisation of Czech voters’ behaviour during the last two decades. This study examines if the effect of party leaders on party choice has increased as the vote personalisation literature suggests. Alternative explanations of party choice emphasise the stable role of cleavages and left-right orientation, leaving limited space for leadership effects and their growth. In addition, this paper also tests party-specific hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested using four Czech post-election surveys (1996–2013). Vote choices are modelled using stacked data matrices (for each election) and a logistic regression estimator. An instrumental variable approach is used to deal with the endogeneity between vote choice and party identification. The results show that there has been no increase in party leadership effects in the Czech Republic. Party leader effects are largely stable across the four elections examined. The article reveals that party leaders play a greater role in the decision-making calculus of voters of new populist non-leftist parties; however, the effects are not large.
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Obrana, akvizice, či nesoutěž? Jak se měnila podoba a intenzita soutěže mezi českými stranami v letech 2006–2014?

81%
Linek L., Chytilek R., Eibl O.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 5
647-677
CS
This article seeks to examine changes in Czech party competition between 2006 and 2014. Drawing on Sani and Sartori’s concept of party competition, it incorporates later findings on the nature of party competition to facilitate the concept’s application to fluid party systems. It conceptualises party competition as multi-dimensional and according to the (a) salience the individual dimensions used in this analysis have for political parties and (b) the positions that the parties occupy on these dimensions. It distinguishes three types of relations in party competition – non-competitive, defensive and acquisitive competition – and using data from the Chapel Hill questionnaire survey focuses on three dimensions in Czech party competition: socio-economic, European, and social-liberal/conservative. Special attention is devoted to the competition strategies of individual parties while taking into account the duration of their existence (new vs traditional parties). The findings indicate that the nature of party competition has transformed, as changes have occurred in the intensity of the competition, the salience of the dimensions of the competition, the space of the competition, and how much competition occurs in one dimensions as opposed to another. Consistent with previous studies, the analyses reveal, that most of the competitive relationships (which were primarily defensive in nature) observed in this study occurred in the socioeconomic dimension, but they also show that there is very strong potential for intense party competition to develop in the other two dimensions if they become more salient.
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