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EN
The article is aimed at presentation of the most important views on genesis and distribution of tholos tombs in ancient Thrace. There have been 34 such monuments discovered to date. They were not only the last-resting place for local aristocracy but played also a significant sacral role in the light of religious, mythological and eschatological beliefs of ancient Thracs.
EN
The article discusses the most important opinions of Bulgarian scholars on rich women burials in ancient Thracia. Analysis of subsequent sites, along with the newest archaeological discoveries (in particular, a burial from mound 47 at Smjadovo), makes possible to conclude that such burials really existed on the discussed territory, or at least on its part.
EN
The Gagauz people are an interesting example of a modern micro-nation. They came into being on the Balkan Peninsula. Yet their ethnogenesis is a mystery since direct written sources are missing. There are many theories about their origin. The Gagauz are most frequently perceived as a people of the Turkic origin. Bulgarian scholars view them as Turkified Bulgarians. In the very Bulgaria there remained only very few Gagauzians. This state of affairs is caused by the fact that the majority of Gagauzians emigrated and the remaining ones underwent assimilation. Nowadays they mainly inhabit Bessarabia (in southern Moldova or the western part of the Odessa district in Ukraine). In Moldova their autonomy is recognized by the state. The Gagauzian identity looks different in those three countries. In Bulgaria Gagauzians still have a double identity. They feel both Gagauzians and Bulgarians. In Moldova and Ukraine, in turn, they consider themselves as a separate nation. As far as the Gagauzian faith is concerned, they are everywhere mainly connected with the Orthodox faith. In regard to the Gagauzian-Bulgarian antagonisms one can state that these are the echo of times gone by. These days cooperation and neighborly relations prevail. In their attitudes to Russia, Bessarabian Gagauzians are predominantly Russophiles. Nostalgia for communism and the USSR is widespread. Gagauzians in Bulgaria are not anti-Russian but their view of Russia is not solely idealistic.
EN
This article aims at givng a brief description of the Gagauz people in the areas of Bessarabia and Bulgaria. Gaugazes are a group of elusive people, whose origin seems to be obscure because of only indirect written sources. While in Bulgaria, their old country, Gagauzes maintain Bulgarian identity in addition to their own, in Bessarabia they are a distinct ethnic category. Gaugazes probably can be a micronation, by modern standards. If we consider their culture (spiritual and material), also their history and geography of settlement, they can be categorized as a Slavonic micronation. Nevertheless, their language and origins seem to be non-Slavic.
EN
There are three types of Bulgarian diaspora in Southeastern Europe (in Bessarabia, on the north coast of the Sea of Azov, and in the Crimea).The Bulgarians in Bessarabia are well known and described in scientific literature. The remaining two types are barely known even in Bulgaria itself. Though the first traces of Bulgarian people in the area of our concern are earlier, the presently existing diaspora arose as a result of mass and top-down displacement actions organized by the Russian authorities in the nineteenth century. All three types of Bulgarian diaspora were affected to varying degrees by turbulent history of the inhabited region. The fate of the Bulgarians in the Crimea and in the Sea of Azov region was the most tragic, whereas better fate met the Bulgarians in Bessarabia. It is no wonder, then, that despite many adversities, they (together with the Gagauz) still occupy the area of compact settlement in Southern Moldova and in the Odessa Oblast in Ukraine. Due to the limited scope, the text has, most of all, an informative character for Polish reader. The article presents the existence of this interesting part of Bulgarian nation which has lived far from its old homeland for over two hundred years. The aim of this text is also to encourage further profound scientific research (above all in the historical, ethnological, sociological, linguistic studies, but also in political sciences, and others).
PL
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