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Polscy pionierzy chirurgii wątroby. Nowe odkrycia

100%
Zamachowska M.
Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
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2021
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vol. 84
93-97
PL
Temat polskich pionierów chirurgii wątroby był już analizowany przez historyków medycyny. Wśród nazwisk polskich lekarzy zdecydowanie najczęściej pojawia się Julian Pęski, ze względu na zastosowaną przez niego nową technikę szycia, która zrewolucjonizowała zabiegi operacyjne w zakresie tego narządu. Szew Pęski-Kuzniecow (Pensky-Kuznetsoff) jest do tej pory stosowany we współczesnej chirurgii. Wspomina się też nazwisko Rewolińskiego, który w 1895 r. zaopatrzył pourazowe uszkodzenie wątroby. Nieznane są zasługi innych XIX wiecznych lekarzy: Hipolita Oderfelda, Romana Jasińskiego i Jakóba Rosenthala. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nieznanych polskich pionierów chirurgii wątroby, w szczególności Jakóba Rosenthala, chirurga, który jako pierwszy w Polsce i jeden z pierwszych w Europie wykonał resekcję guza nowotworowego wątroby.
EN
The subject of Polish pioneers of liver surgery has already been analyzed by historians of medicine. Among the names of Polish doctors, Julian Pęski is definitely the most frequent one, due to the use of a new suturing technique that has revolutionized surgical procedures in this organ. Pęski-Kuznetsoff (Pensky-Kuznetsoff) suture is still used in modern surgery. The name of Rewoliński, who in 1895 treated post-traumatic liver damage, is also mentioned. The merits of other nineteenth- century doctors are unknown: Hipolit Oderfeld, Roman Jasiński and Jakób Rosenthal. The aim of the article is to present unknown Polish pioneers of liver surgery, in particular Jakób Rosenthal, a surgeon who was the first in Poland and one of the first in Europe to perform a liver tumor resection.
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Działalność naukowa i społeczna Leona Konitza (1822–1895)

100%
Zamachowska M.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2017
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vol. 62
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issue 2
85-100
EN
Leon Konitz was one of the most outstanding Polish obstetricians and gynaecologists of the 19th century. He did pioneering work in asepsis and antisepsis in obstetrics, propagated modern approach in medicine in Poland, and was an indisputable medical authority. He was not affiliated with any medical institution but took part in setting the standards in Polish obstetrics and gynaecology. Together with Ludwik Darweski and Ludwik Neugebauer he was the first in Poland to apply uterine injection according to Kiwisch method in order to induce premature delivery. For the first time in Poland Konitz announced that there was a possibility of intrauterine death of foetus because of placental insufficiency. He participated in establishing methods of therapeutic use of ergot preparations in obstetrics and gynaecology, contributed to the invalidation of opinion that children of women suffering from eclampsia were always born dead, and that incontinent vomiting of pregnant women was an indication for abortion. Konitz also denied another opinion established in contemporary medicine: that uterus was the most important organ in women determining her sex gland, as well as her character. In his opinion, ovary was such an organ and changes inside ovaries, i.e. maturation of Graafian follicles, were ascribed to menstrual bleeding and fertility. He stressed the necessity to educate obstetricians not only in surgical delivery but first of all in the field of studies and overseeing physiological labour. He delivered a description of physical principles governing labour and defined techniques of practice in case of face presentation. He worked out his own method of bringing out the foetus in breech presentation, which because of a high risk of complications did not survive among the principles of obstetrics. He also noticed that fibroids never turn into cancer but could coexist with it. Konitz found out that uterine prolapse not always coexist with hypertrophy or cervix elongation. He thought that preventive treatment of uterine prolapse with the use of pessaries could be beneficial, on condition that there was no inflammation and other dangerous pathologies of generative organs. Leon Konitz was also a devoted social activist and advocate for the assimilation of Jews into the Polish population.
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John Hilton (1805-1878) jego życie i osiągnięcia w zakresie anatomii, chirurgii, neurologii oraz neurochirurgii

63%
Zamachowska M., Grzybowski A.
Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
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2019
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vol. 82
81-86
PL
John Hilton (1805-1878) był znanym angielskim anatomem i chirurgiem. Miał ogromy wkład w rozwój tych dyscyplin medycznych. Z jego nazwiskiem związanych jest kilka eponimów medycznych. Najbardziej znane to linia Hiltona, służąca za znacznik w operacjach proktologicznych, oraz prawo Hiltona mówiące o tym, że nerwy dochodzące do stawu unerwiają zarówno mięśnie poruszające tym stawem, jak i skórę w jego okolicy Mniej znane, a nie mniej ważne są jego inne osiągnięcia naukowe z zakresu neurologii i neurochirurgii. Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie sylwetki tego wybitnego lekarza w kontekście jego zasług dla rozwoju medycyny.
EN
John Hilton (1805-1878) was a known English anatomist and surgeon. He made a huge contribution to the development of these medical disciplines. There are several medical eponyms with his name. Popular known on the Hilton line, which serves as a marker in proctological operations, and the Hilton law saying that the nerves to the muscles acting on a joint give branches to that joint as well as to the skin over the area of action of these muscles. Less known and no less important are his other scientific studies in the field of neurology and neurosurgery. The aim of the article is to compare the figure of this outstanding doctor in the context of his merits for the development of medicine.
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