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Od redakcji

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The article analyses the subject of utilizing the potential of the columns of the independent Polish press and the internet to consolidate the emigration environment in order to preserve their national identity and improve their living standards abroad. It compares the social activities and the articles of the “Polish Daily and Soldier’s Daily” – the organ of the “steadfast” generation with similar activities of the independent periodical “The New Time”, which is issued in London from the year 2006 to the present day and serves as the representative of Polish intelligence abroad.
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The article presents the content of Polish immigration magazines issued in Great Brit ain in the 20th century, such as „Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza” („Polish Dailyand Solider’s Daily”), „Ocyna Poetów” („Poetry Oce”), „Orzeł Biały” („White Eagle”), „Wiadomości” („News”), as seen by the lens of artistic life chronicle, mainly plastic arts Jolanta Chwastyk-Kowalczyk229 (paintings and sculptures) of Polish artists living in exile. e news contained in these periodicals can be considered as a reliable source for research on the artistic accomplishments of the artists associated in the following groups: Academic Society of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, centered around Marian Bohusz-Szyszko, transformed into Group 49, London Group, Free Painters Group, Continental-British School, Scottish Group, SouthEast London Art Group and Royal Society of Painters, Etchers and Engravers. Moreover, independent artists such as: Feliks Topolski, Adam Kossowski, Stanisław Frenkiel, Antoni Wasilewski (Tony). Polish magazines published in the United Kingdom also document the activity of Association of Polish Artists in Great Britain, the organization which brings together the majority of painters, sculptors, graphic artists and architects who practice art. e articles analysed prove that Polish artists play a signicant role in establishing relations between Poles abroad and the West, through studies in Italy, England, France, winning Polish and foreign awards, realisation of orders for clients or publications from Great Britain, exhibitions in the UK and other cultural institutions of the free world. eir universal language is readable all over the world.
EN
The paper discusses occurrences of Lviv themes in Polish opinion-forming newspapers in exile in the United States after World War II. The author followed various publications of the „New Diary” in the years 1971–1999 and its appendices: „Polish Week” (1971–1981) and „Polish Review” (1981–1999) issued in New York. Analysis of the newspapers’ contents revealed that a small and dispersed Lviv community, centred on the Lviv Circle, which emigrated to the United States, had regularly published their works in the pages of the „New Diary”. However, compared with the incidence of the same themes in the Polish émigré press in Western Europe, it was a marginal phenomenon. The main topic areas were the unmasking of Soviet authorities’ actions aimed at eliminating traces of Polish culture in Lviv, the devastation of the Lviv Eaglets Cemetery, pictures of the Poltava, poems devoted to the city and anniversary reminiscences of the Lviv defence in 1918. Lviv topics abroad were mostly the domain of those former citizens who had been forced to leave the city, without the possibility of return (owing to the provisions of the Yalta agreement) – journalists, academics, activists in exile regularly associated with the magazines from the British Isles: the „White Eagle”, „News”, „Polish Diary and Soldier’s Diary”, as well as „Culture” from Paris.
EN
This article presents the history of establishment, functioning and the role of „Science and Technology” – quarterly of the Association of Polish Engineers in Great Britain – in shaping Polish technical thought in the environment of Polish engineers and technicians living in exile. The analysis of the content of the journal published in London in the years 1958-2008 made it evident that this official scientific organ of Polish technical intelligentsia edited in 500 copies reaches members of engineering, technical and scientific milieu across many continents. Despite the fact that Polish language dominates in the articles and thanks to the interdisciplinary character of their content – science and technology, biology, the humanities, sociology and others – the journal makes it possible for the reader to participate in an intellectual adventure. „Science and Technology” was created in 1958 on the initiative of Eng. Prof. Roman Wajda in Great Britain, with support of other Polish technical associations abroad, and embraced the achievements and organisational life of the Polish technical milieu dispersed around the world. On the basis of the London Society’s archive materials and old annual volumes of the journal, the author listed editors-in-chief, composition of editorial committees, collaborators, determined editing costs, changeable periodicity, successive print shops, seats of editorial office that always followed the Association in Great Britain. She also showed the effort of a handful of members of editorial committees, working on a voluntary basis to obtain materials for the journal; the role of the journal linking Polish engineers and technicians in exile and its function as a link with the Country, as well as its role in the sphere of information and propaganda. Finally, the author made an analysis of the journal’s content, focusing on categories of articles published in „Science and Technology” in the years 1958-2008. Methods used by the author in the article: archival, analysis of the press content: qualitative and quantitative.
EN
The article presents selected aspects of Polish higher education in North America as reported in the columns of the Polish émigré newspapers „Dziennik Polski” („Polish Daily”) and „Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza” („Polish Daily and Soldier’s Daily”), which have been published in the UK since 1941. Among other things, information was published about the preparations for Copernicus Days in the USA. Articles about all phenomena serving the manifestation and propagation of Polish academic (Fundacja Kościuszkowska, Polski Instytut Naukowy w Nowym Jorku, Instytut im. Józefa Piłsudskiego, Instytut Polski w Chicago) and cultural (Polski Instytut Sztuki i Nauki w Nowym Jorku) achievements in the USA were published, as well pieces on actions undertaken to sustain Polish education and keep Polish language in schools and universities. Activities of the Polish Studies Chair at Columbia University in New York were reported on regularly, including a scandal regarding the university accepting a dotation from the communist government in Warsaw, which resulted in the resignation of Arthur Prudden Coleman in protest in 1948.
EN
The article demonstrates the constant presence of higher education as a topic in the col umns of Polish newspapers published in the UK: „Dziennik Polski” („Polish Daily”) - and „Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza” („Polish Daily and Soldier’s Daily”) in the years 1940–1945. £eir editors agitated for the acquisition of a university education by Poles in exile so that they might better serve the rebuilding of Poland a¦er the war. They reported on academic, organisational and publishing events. They presented the academic accomplishments of Poles, as well as graduations of students and PhDs. They distributed information about scholarships. £e newspapers fullled an informational, propagandist and integrational role.
EN
The article highlights the constant presence of Polish higher education in Western and in Central and Eastern Europe as a topic in the columns of Polish papers published in exile: „Dziennik Polski” („Polish Daily”), „Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza” („Polish Daily and Soldier’s Daily”), „Polska Walcząca. Żołnierz Polski na Obczyźnie” („Poland at War. Polish Soldier in Exile”), „Orzeł Biały” („The White Eagle” – Polish national emblem), „Wiadomości” („News”), „Skrzydła. Wiadomości ze świata” („Wings. World News”), „Myśl Lotnicza” („Aviation Thought”), „Lwów i Wilno” („Lviv and Vilnius”) and Paris „Kultura” („Culture”). Their editors agitated for the acquisition of a university education by Poles in exile so that they might better serve the rebuilding of Poland after the war. They reported on academic, organisational and publishing events. They presented the academic accomplishments of Poles, as well as graduations of students and PhDs. They distributed information about scholarships. These issues have also been discussed since 2004 (when Poland joined the EU) in Polish émigré papers in the UK – „Cooltura” („Coolture”), „Polish Express”, „Nasza Anglia” („Our England”), „Nowy Czas” („New Time”) – and Ireland – „Polska Gazeta” („Polish Newspaper”). The periodicals are supported by internet portals, such as: Expatpol.com, Goniec.com, Gazeta.ie, Dublinek.net, Londynek.net.
EN
The author discusses little-known facts of the Second World War concerning the stay of Poles in India between 1942–1948. Among those who survived and escaped from the „inhuman land” (Soviet Union) were Polish orphans saved with great e{ort from this country as well as the women and children of soldiers ghting the Germans who were exiled deep into the interior of Russia to the Eastern Borderlands by Stalin a¤er the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. Following an agreement between Sikorski and Maisky on 30 July 1941, thanks to General Sikorski’s endeavours, a group of 116,000 Poles left Soviet Russia. There were about 13,000 children below 14 years of age among the civilian population that came to Persia in stages. Youth between 14 and 18 years of age went to a military youth academy in Russia before leaving for Palestine. ose remaining le¤ for India, where Maharaja Jam Saheb Digvijay Sinhji o{ered his own plot of land for the construction of the Polish Balachadi Housing Estate. The Polish government in exile provided funds for its maintenance. The rst transportation of children out of Russia took place in April 1942. e established centres comprised of: Jamnagar (for 586 people), Country Club near Karachi (tent camp for evacuated Poles 1943–1945), a temporary camp in Malir (small housing units built by Americans near Karachi), Panchagani (health-resort; August 1943–1947), housing estate in Ballachadi (July 1942 Polish Children’s Camp), Valivade (1943–1948, the biggest housing estate with 5000 people). Discussion focused on publications addressing economic issues, fundamental legal matters during the period of the Polish housing estates’ existence, work, learning at various academic levels, cultural and educational activities, artistic values, the scope and capabilities of medical welfare at these centres, sports classes. We uncovered how the fate of the Polish wanderer was made more tolerable; apart from the Poles, Indian friends played a considerable role, as did the scout movement, the Polish Red Cross, the Polish Catholic Mission, various religious organizations. e sources used include: a joint publication that came out under the editorship of Leszek Bełdowski, Teresa Glazer, Wiesława Kleszko, Danuta Pniewska and Jan K. Siedlecki, entitled ge Poles in India 1942–1948 as depicted in documents and reminiscences, published by the Polish Circle in India 1942–1948, in London in the year 2000 (Antony Rowe Ltd., UK), and Weronika Hort, Wandering children, Beirut, 1948. A lm entitled „A Little Poland” by the Indian director Anu Radhy, in an Indian and Polish co-operative venture with the participation of the embassies of the two countries as well as that of Polish Television.
PL
Przedmiotem zainteresowania są polskie stacje radiowe działające w Wielkiej Brytanii, odbierane w cyfrowym naziemnym systemie DAB i w internecie w latach 2003–2016. Zaprezentowano je według schematu opracowanego przez Harolda Lasswella. W sformułowaniu wstępnych wniosków pomogły rozmowy sondażowe autorki przeprowadzone w latach 2009–2016 z 800 Polakami mieszkającymi w Londynie, Birmingham i Glasgow, którzy uczestniczyli w konferencjach naukowych i wykładach Polskiego Uniwersytetu na Obczyźnie oraz w imprezach literackich zorganizowanych przez Związek Pisarzy Polskich na Obczyźnie.
EN
The focus here is on the Polish radio stations in Great Britain broadcast through the terrestrial DAB system and on the Internet between 2003 and 2016. They are presented according to the model developed by Harold Lasswell. The formulation of preliminary conclusions was facilitated by the survey interviews conducted by the author from 2009 to 2016 among 800 Poles living in London, Birmingham and Glasgow, who took part in the scientific conferences and lectures offered by the Polish University Abroad and in the literary events organized by the Association of Polish Writers Abroad.
EN
The author presents articles published in London's daily 'Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Zolnierza' concerning the Polish Resettlement Corps (PRC) in Great Britain in 1945-1960. She discusses topics such as the demobilisation of Polish Armed Forces after 1945, the dramatic situation of Polish troops, the conditions of accession to the PRC, protests of Polish recalcitrants, training and employment opportunities for Poles, the situation of women within the PRC, the moral standing of Polish émigrés, the naturalisation of Poles and the recovery of so-called 'Italian Funds'.
EN
The article outlines the history of 'Edynburski Biuletyn Informacyjny', a news bulletin for fifty thousand Polish ex-soldiers who settled in Scotland after the Second World War. Founded in 1949, the paper was published by the Council of Polish Associations in Edinburgh, initially as a biweekly (until 1983) and after its reactivation in 1990 as a bimonthly. The author carries out a qualitative analysis of this anti-Communist paper that supported President August Zaleski after the political rift among Polish émigrés.
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