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1
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Sprawozdanie z badań wykopaliskowych na grodzisku zwanym "Okrągła Góra" w Pasymiu, pow. Szczytno, stan. 1 w roku 2018

100%
Wadyl S.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
|
2019
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issue 1 (303)
153-161
EN
In 2018, excavations at the stronghold in Pasym in the Szczytno district continued (Figure 1). They were mainly concentrated on the area within the stronghold. Three excavations were carried out (Figure 2). Trench 1 (15 × 5 m) was situated in the western part on the extension south of Trench 1 from 2017. Excavation 2 (5 × 5 m) was located in the north-west part of the stronghold, on the slope descending towards the lake. Trench 3 (2 × 2 m) was located at the foot of the stronghold on the lake side. In total, the excavated area was 1.29 ar. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of two large features (4 and 13) of a residential character. The results of previous studies clearly indicate that buildings of this type were located along the edge of the inner area of the stronghold. A large number of finds was recovered during the excavations: 5,082 ceramic fragments, 11,559 animal bone fragments and 121 artefacts.
2
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Zasiedlanie dorzecza górnej Drwęcy we wczesnym średniowieczu (VII/VIII - XII/XIII wiek)

100%
Wadyl S.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
|
2014
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issue 2(284)
167-179
EN
In the light of written sources ethnocultural affiliation of Prussian lands located in the upper basin Drwęca seems to be well argued (in the arch area Drwęca and to the east of it were located in the northern part of Sasinii the lands located north-west of Drwęca belonged to Pomezania). However, written sources reflect the state of the thirteenth and fourteenth century. For the earlier period are essential archaeological data. Meanwhile, the state of archaeological reflections on the evolution and dynamics of the upper basin Drwęca settlement is far from satisfactory. This condition has improved in recent years carried out at the Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University research project, in which verification and reconnaissance conducted mound Ornowie-Lesiaku, Domkowo, Lipowcu and Morliny. The results of this work and the results of studies of the settlement were founded structures allowed us to present the evolution of the model approach the settlement of the area in the period from the turn of the VII and VIII. To the beginning of the thirteenth century.
3

Ostroga z zaczepami haczykowatymi zagiętymi do wnętrza z Bornit, pow. braniewski

100%
Wadyl S.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2018
|
vol. Tom XXVII
s. 241-254
EN
In 2016 previously unknown stronghold was discovered near Bornity in the Braniewo district. In 2017 the survey and testing research was carried out. The discovered materials, the results of radiocarbon analysis of wood from the ramparts prove that the site functioned in the last decades of the 9th and the first quarter of the 10th century. Amongst the discovered artefacts the spur with hooks bent inwards made of a copper alloy deserves special attention. The spur represents the technotype I: 2, its metric parameters allow to include it in the variety A. This is only the third discovery of the technotype I: 2 spur on the Western Balt territory, but the first made during modern excavations. The analysis of the technotype I spurs recently conducted by Andrzej Janowski showed that specimens of varieties A and B-C occur in two separate zones (Fig. 4). In the area where spures of variety A appear (Pomeranian-Mecklenburg zone and West Balt territory as well as isolated find from Chodlik) no later B-C varieties are found, while in the territories where B-C varieties occur (the area to the south of the Carpathians) there are no finds of specimens of the A variety. Observations made based on the topography of finds are confirmed by the results of metallographic analyses, which showed significant differences in the chemical composition of the raw material. Spurs of variety A were made of alloys with brass features, whereas spurs of varieties B-C of typical bronzes alloys (Janowski 2017, pp. 182–185). A. Janowski’s observations became a reason for the spectral analysis of the chemical composition of the spur from Bornity. Apart from copper (CU – 79.12%) the main component of the alloy was tin (Sn – 11.11%). The other components had a much smaller share. These were: zinc (Zn – 5.51%), lead (Pb – 3.77%), iron (Fe – 0.71%) and silver (Ag – 0.4%). The composition of the alloy is diametrically different from the composition of the A variety spurs from Pień and Słodkówko. In these cases, the main component was zinc, the percentage share of which was 13.43% and 16.17% respectively (Janowski 2017, p. 184). The spur from Bornity was made of a copper alloy with bronze features. In this case, therefore, the hypothesis of A. Janowski regarding the chemical composition of the variety A has not been confirmed. However, there is no reason to completely negate the concept of two independent lines of development of copper alloy spurs. The spur from Bornity does not have close analogies, but it has much more features in common with spurs from the ‘northern’ zone. An important postulate for the future should be the implementation of a larger series of metallographic analyses, which may allow to perceive the problem of origins and production of spurs from copper alloys in a different way.
PL
W 2016 r. w pobliżu Kierpajn Wielkich w powiecie braniewskim odkryto nieznane dotychczas grodzisko. W 2017 r. na stanowisku przeprowadzono badania sondażowo-rozpoznawcze. Odkryte materiały, wyniki analizy radiowęglowej drewna z konstrukcji wału dowodzą, że stanowisko funkcjonowało w ostatnich dekadach IX i pierwszej ćwierci X w. Wśród odkrytych zabytków na szczególną uwagę zasługuje ostroga z haczykowatymi zaczepami odgiętymi do wnętrza wykonana ze stopu miedzi. Ostroga reprezentuje technotyp I:2, jej parametry metryczne pozwalają na jej zaliczenie do odmiany A. Jest to dopiero trzecie odkrycie ostrogi Technotypu I:2 na ziemiach zachodniobałtyjskich, jednak pierwsze dokonane w trakcie badań współczesnych. Przeprowadzona ostatnio przez Andrzeja Janowskiego analiza ostróg technotypu I wykazała, że egzemplarze odmian A i B-C występują w dwóch odrębnych strefach (Ryc. 4). Na obszarze, gdzie występują ostrogi odmiany A (strefa pomorsko-meklemburska i ziemie zachodniobałtyjskie oraz odosobnione znalezisko z Chodlika) nie są spotykane późniejsze odmiany B-C, z kolej na terytoriach, gdzie występują odmiany B-C (rejon na południe od Karpat) brak znalezisk egzemplarzy odmiany A. Obserwacje poczynione w oparciu o topografię znalezisk znajdują potwierdzenie w wynikach analiz metaloznawczych, które wykazały istotne różnice w składzie chemicznym surowca. Ostrogi odmiany A wykonano ze stopach o cechach mosiądzów, z kolei ostrogi odmiany B-C ze stopów typowych dla brązów (Janowski 2017, s. 182-185). Spostrzeżenia A. Janowskiego stały się sumptem do wykonania analizy spektralnej składu chemicznego ostrogi z Bornit. Poza miedzią (CU – 79,12%) głównym komponentem stopu była cyna (Sn - 11,11%). Pozostałe składniki miały znacznie mniejszy udział. Były to: cynk (Zn – 5,51%), ołów (Pb - 3,77%), żelazo (Fe – 0,71%) oraz srebro (Ag – 0,4%). Skład stopu jest diametralnie różny od kompozycji ostróg odmiany A z Pnia i Słodkówka. W tych przypadkach głównym składnikiem był cynk, którego procentowy udział wynosił odpowiednio 13,43% i 16,17% (Janowski 2017, s. 184). Ostroga z Bornit została wykonana ze stopu miedzi o cechach brązu. W tym przypadku nie potwierdziła się zatem hipoteza A. Janowskiego, dotycząca kompozycji chemicznej ostróg odmiany A. Nie ma jednak podstaw aby negować zupełnie koncepcję odnośnie dwóch niezależnych linii rozwojowych ostróg ze stopów miedzi. Ostroga z Bornit nie ma bliskich analogii, ma jednak znacznie więcej cech wspólnych z ostrogami ze strefy „północnej”. Istotnym postulatem na przyszłość powinno być wykonanie większej serii analiz metaloznawczych, które być może pozwolą spojrzeć na problem proweniencji i produkcji ostróg ze stopów miedzi w inny sposób.
4

Przęślik z quasi-inskrypcją cyrylicką z grodziska w Węgrach, gm. Sztum

100%
Wadyl S.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2016
|
vol. Tom XXV
s. 267-274
EN
The settlement complex in Węgry was formed around the mid-11th century at the junction of the Żuławy Wiślane and the Iława Lake District, on the east bank of the Nogat (Fig. 1) and to the mid-12th century it was the most important culture-productive centre located to the east of the lower Vistula River associated with the Eastern Pomerania. The excavations in Węgry (7 km southwest of Malbork) were initiated in 1962 in cooperation between the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk and the Malbork Castle Museum. In 2014-2015 in the Malbork Museum was implemented a project which aim was a comprehensive study of these excavations’ results. One of studied artefacts was a unique spindle whorl with imitation of Cyrillic inscription. Carved imitation of writing was found on one of surfaces just above the decoration in the form of wavy line. Regardless of the find interpretation, it can be assumed that the individual who made or was in the possession of the artefact either knew, or somewhere came into contact with writing of this kind.
5

Odkryte i utracone. Nieznane cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne z miejscowości Ciepłe, pow. tczewski

100%
Wadyl S.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2020
|
vol. Tom XXIX
s. 109-126
EN
In spring 2019 near Ciepłe 3 stronghold and Ciepłe 6 cemetery a previously unknown early medieval burial ground was discovered. During a field prospection human bones and individual artefacts lying on the surface of the field were found. Due to probable significant damage of the burial ground and the unique cognitive qualities of the entire settlement complex, the site was selected for surface prospection and test trenching research, which was carried out in autumn 2019. The site was registered as a newly discovered early medieval necropolis and given the number Ciepłe 28, on AZP sheet 22-46, number 29. The works were carried out in two stages - initially, surface prospections were carried out (mapping of archaeological materials and human bone remains lying on the surface was made), then two test trenches were dug out - the first one in the western part of the culmination, approximately 25 m from the edge of the plateau, while the second one on the southern slope of the elevation, along the same axis at a distance of 35 m south. No sepulchral features were registered in trenches. Research has shown that the site has been damaged for a long time - as evidenced by fragments of human bones discovered in trench 2 at a depth of over a metre from the current ground level. In the course of surface research several dozen artefacts were discovered, in most cases elements of burial furnishing, as well as bone remains belonging to at least a dozen individuals. Amongst the discovered items stand out especially silver penny of Henry II , silver-plated temple rings, a set of belt fittings and the band-shaped coffin fittings. The obtained source materials indicate that the necropolis was used in the 11th-12th centuries. The described discoveries change the perception of the settlement complex in Ciepłe. The location of the second (and, importantly, simultaneous with the first one) cemetery within this settlement complex proves the high rank of this centre. It also brings new data to the topography of the entire complex, distinguished above all by the presence of three strongholds located in a short distance.
6

Nowoodkryta ostroga typu lutomierskiego z półwyspu sambijskiego. Przyczynek do studiów nad kontaktami słowiańsko-bałtyjskimi

63%
Wadyl S., Skvorcov K.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2018
|
vol. 66
225-235
EN
The newly discovered spur of the Lutomiersk type from the Sambia Peninsula. A contribution to research on the Slavic-Baltic contacts
7

Zaskakujące znalezisko z wczesnego okresu wędrówek ludów z Gdańska

63%
Kontny B., Wadyl S.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2017
|
vol. Tom XXVI
s. 165-176
EN
In 2009 during rescue excavations at the 11th–12th c. stronghold in Gdańsk (Fig. 1) a silver gilded item was found, decorated in chip-charving technique (Fig. 2). It shows similaries to the ornament represented on brooches of the Świlcza variety (Fig. 3) and belt buckles with rhombic ferrule of group after A. Rau (Fig. 4) which let us to date it to Phases D2 or D2/D3 according to J. Tejral. However it served not as a fibula or belt buckle. We propose to identify the item as a horse harness element, specifically headgear ferrule (for parallels see Figs. 5 and 6). We deal with another specimen which sheds the light on the post-Wielbark culture milieu.
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