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PZPR a związki zawodowe w sądownictwie po sierpniu 1980 r.

100%

Niewiński K.

Z Dziejów Prawa

2015

vol. 8 (16)

143-168

The burgeoning social reform movement which was conceived under the banners of NSZZ Solidarity in September of 1980 had numerous sympathisers within the judiciary system. The revolutionary ideas of Solidarity constituted a threat to the functioning of the judiciary system, closely monitored by the legislative and executive powers. The Ministry of Justice, left without the support of the Political Bureau and the Department of Administration—part of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party which supervised the judiciary—was unable to single-handedly stop the processes of rejuvenation among the judiciary staff. Both the judges as well as the administrative personnel, convinced of the necessity to undertake thorough reforms in the judiciary system, in order to achieve systemic guarantees of autonomy and independence of the judges, joined Solidarity in great numbers, ultimately forming an occupational branch of the union called NSZZ Solidarity of the Judiciary Staff. However, not all judges completely supported the ideas of the reform movement post-August 1980. The majority of the judges did not identify with the revolutionary program of the judiciary section of Solidarity; nonetheless, they understood the necessity of reform based on gaining influence on personnel decisions made by the Ministry of Justice and administrative boards of the judiciary. In fact, the autonomous union called NSZZ Solidarity of the Judicial Staff was initially formed by the aforementioned group of judges. Moreover, it was supported by the Ministry of Justice, in the hopes of taking control over the union and limiting the influence of Solidarity on the judiciary system. The autonomous judges, however, resisted those attempts at influencing their activities by the administration. In time, the judges who belonged to either of the unions—which, in total, comprised about 70% of the judiciary staff—began working together in order to exert pressure on the Ministry of Justice. This reformatory activity, however, was brought to an end by the martial law, introduced in Poland on December 13th, 1981.

Obsada stanowisk sędziowskich w sądach powszechnych w Polsce po II wojnie światowej

100%

Niewiński K.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

2019

vol. 22

299-316

The main problem in rebuilding the judiciary after the Second World War was the staffing of judges’ posts. The new so-called „communist” authorities, subordinated to the directives coming from Moscow, did not have their own, sufficient legal staff. Thus, the pre-war judges, who mostly did not follow the Marxist-Leninist ideology, returned to work in the courts. They were subjected to the process of verification. A common phenomenon in the years 1944–1947 was the violation by the authorities of procedural regulations concerning the staffing of judges’ posts. With time the new authorities became stronger. After the elections in 1947, a plan was drawn up to replace the so-called „old” judicial staff. The authorities aimed at imbuing the courts with „new types of judges”, not necessarily with a thorough legal education, but with ideological and political training.

Głównym problemem przy odbudowie sądownictwa po II wojnie światowej była obsada stanowisk sędziowskich. Nowe władze tzw. komunistyczne, uległe dyrektywom płynącym z Moskwy, nie miały własnego, wystarczającego zaplecza kadr prawniczych. Do pracy w sądach wracali więc przedwojenni sędziowie, którzy w większości nie byli zwolennikami ideologii marksistowsko-leninowskiej. Byli oni poddawani procesowi weryfikacji. Powszechnym zjawiskiem było w okresie lat 1944–1947 łamanie przez władze przepisów proceduralnych w zakresie obsady stanowisk sędziowskich. Z biegiem czasu nowe władze umocniły się. Po wyborach w 1947 r. opracowany został plan wymiany „starej” kadry sędziowskiej. Władze dążyły do nasycenia sądów „sędziami nowego typu”, niekoniecznie posiadającymi gruntowne wykształcenie prawnicze, lecz przeszkolonymi pod względem ideowym i politycznym.

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1 Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

1 Z Dziejów Prawa

2 Niewiński K.

1 2019

1 2015

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PZPR a związki zawodowe w sądownictwie po sierpniu 1980 r.

Obsada stanowisk sędziowskich w sądach powszechnych w Polsce po II wojnie światowej