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EN
The subject of my interest in this paper are repressions against students during the formation of the communist system in Poland in the years 1951–1956. This analysis is based on the history of two organizations: Zjednoczone Stronnictwa Narodowe (United National Organization) and Związek Walczącej Młodzieży (Association of Fighting Youth), biographies of prisoners and the history of Jaworzno camp – a progressive prison for juveniles in Jaworzno. Many young people, students from Polish junior high schools and high schools, were sent to prisons due to their involvement in patriotic activities in many organizations and struggle for independence. The aim of the imprisonment was to carry out their re-education in accordance with the requirements of the communist political system. One of the main goals of communism was to negate their deepest values, such as: Catholic faith, patriotic desire to build a sovereign Polish state independent of Moscow. As the result of their conflict with the communist authorities caused by their patriotic attitude many young people ended up in Jaworzno camp. Biographies of Józef Poteraj (born in 1934) and Marek Eminowicz (1933–2013) are of particular interest in this study.
EN
The purpose of the article: The importance of the magazine “Znad Wilii” in the years 1989–1994 in building a positive identity of Poles at the Vilnius region, is an analysis of topics that were discussed at the journal, I will also try to reflect the prevailing social climate among Poles at the Vilnius region during the democratic transition, the collapse of the Soviet Union regime. An attempt to take the analysis of that issue is important because of the fact that local Poles efforts to establish a more intensive relations with Poland. For example by through the development of mutual relations between the Civic Parliamentary Club (Obywatelski Klub Parlamentarny), Solidarity, and the Lithuanian Sajūdis (this issue was raised, inter alia, in the article: Beginning of a common path – Początek wspólnej drogi), importance of the Polish minority in Lithuania, as well as a common history and memory of the First Republic – Respublica Serenissima and its importance in shaping contemporary identities of the nations of Central and Eastern Europe. Articles that were published during this period in the journal “Znad Wilii” are certainly interesting material, worthy of analysis in this study, also because of the important historical period in which they were submitted.
EN
In this article we will analyze Andreas Wissowatius’s arguments which were presented in the discussion between two eminent thinkers: the Polish Socinian and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibinz, a German philosopher of the Enlightenment, in the late seventeenth century. This exchange of views makes it possible to observe the philosophical premises that led Andreas Wissowatius to reject the dogma of the Holy Trinity. The discussion, from which the Antitrinitarians arguments were quoted, became very well known among European theologians and philosophers, mainly due to the reputation which was decades later enjoyed by Leibniz. The discussion became known in Germany thanks to Lessing who was an editor and commentator of the dispute about the Holy Trinity as well as an advocate of tolerance, and a German writer of the Enlightenment.
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