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1
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AMONIAKALNE METODY MASOWEGO ODKWASZANIA XIX- I XX-WIECZNYCH PAPIERÓW DRUKOWYCH

100%
Kozielec T.
Ochrona Zabytków
|
2004
|
issue 1-2
165-176
EN
The author presents the development of ammonia based methods of mass deacidification. Some of them expired. The advantage of all these methods was the gaseous agent. The gaseous agent did not harm the dyes, printing inks, paints as well as stamps, etc. Nevertheless these methods were toxic for humans. Nowadays the ammonia methods have again its heyday because several modern techniques have been discovered. Donald K. Sebera’s method is based on the continuous storage of books and archives in the low concentration of the vapors ammonia. It assures the slow but homogenous contact of the deacidification agent with the acid papers. The great advantage of the above mentioned method is the simplicity of the use and the low costs. The hopeful method of deacidification is also the Japanese DAE method, which uses ammonia and ethylene oxide (as the biocide). This method assures the homogenous deacidification of papers and its disinfection and disinfestations as well as its reinforcement.
2
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Fotografie albuminowe – wytwarzanie, właściwości, trwałość i ochrona przed niszczeniem

100%
Kozielec T.
Ochrona Zabytków
|
2010
|
issue 1-4
123-137
EN
Albumen prints on paper constitute a large part of the collection of photographs created in the 19th century. They are most often found in CDV format. The article presents the technique of making albumen prints – materials and substances that the photographs were created from and the methods of their processing are discussed. Characteristic damage observed in albumen prints is a matter of concern to conservators and collection custodians. This is why these photographs have become the subject of detailed research and analyses. Methods of albumen prints identification have been presented. The appearance of most of these photographs has been substantially changed and differs from the look of the well-preserved ones. The article includes, among others, the results of James M. Reilly’s advanced research on the deterioration of albumen prints. Attention has been drawn to improper storing conditions that negatively impact the state of preservation of these photographs (optical changes, the albumen layer cracking). The recommended conditions are: RH of 30-40% and a temperature below 18ºC. Daily fluctuations of these parameters are very dangerous. There is a serious risk of deterioration in the case of albumen prints transferred from an air-conditioned warehouse to a warm and damp reading room. In such cases, air-conditioning the photographs in rooms of transitory conditions is essential, moreover, the prints have to be specially packed. Albumen prints subject to conservation works must not be washed with water, as the washing and drying process deepens the cracks in the albumen layer. Attention has also been drawn to the kinds and properties of materials used for packing the photographs in order to protect them against dust and dirt. Only materials with the PAT (Photographic Activity Test) certificate can be used for the conservation of the prints. Other issues have been raised as well, among others, the problems related to providing proper storing conditions for photographs from state and private collections.
3
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Fotografie albuminowe – wytwarzanie, właściwości, trwałość i ochrona przed niszczeniem

100%
Kozielec T.
Ochrona Zabytków
|
2010
|
issue 1-4
123-137
EN
Albumen prints on paper constitute a large part of the collection of photographs created in the 19th century. They are most often found in CDV format. The article presents the technique of making albumen prints – materials and substances that the photographs were created from and the methods of their processing are discussed. Characteristic damage observed in albumen prints is a matter of concern to conservators and collection custodians. This is why these photographs have become the subject of detailed research and analyses. Methods of albumen prints identification have been presented. The appearance of most of these photographs has been substantially changed and differs from the look of the well-preserved ones. The article includes, among others, the results of James M. Reilly’s advanced research on the deterioration of albumen prints. Attention has been drawn to improper storing conditions that negatively impact the state of preservation of these photographs (optical changes, the albumen layer cracking). The recommended conditions are: RH of 30-40% and a temperature below 18ºC. Daily fluctuations of these parameters are very dangerous. There is a serious risk of deterioration in the case of albumen prints transferred from an air-conditioned warehouse to a warm and damp reading room. In such cases, air-conditioning the photographs in rooms of transitory conditions is essential, moreover, the prints have to be specially packed. Albumen prints subject to conservation works must not be washed with water, as the washing and drying process deepens the cracks in the albumen layer. Attention has also been drawn to the kinds and properties of materials used for packing the photographs in order to protect them against dust and dirt. Only materials with the PAT (Photographic Activity Test) certificate can be used for the conservation of the prints. Other issues have been raised as well, among others, the problems related to providing proper storing conditions for photographs from state and private collections.
4
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Negatywy kolodionowe w zbiorach Biblioteki Kórnickiej – charakterystyka, zniszczenia oraz działania na rzecz ochrony

63%
Kozielec T., Nalaskowska M.
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej
|
2022
|
issue 39
127-158
EN
The article presents issues related to the collection of over 200 collodion negatives made on a glass support in the so-called wet collodion process, housed in the Kórnik Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik. It describes the collodion process, which was invented in 1851, the characteristics of collodion negatives, and the themes presented on objects from the Kórnik collection. It subsequently discusses the characteristic damages of collodion negatives, with the most dangerous deposition of alkaline compounds on the surface of the glasses, which causes the destruction and loss of the image layer. It further presents the preservation activities carried out on the objects from the Kórnik collection including conservation treatments, photographic documentation, and photographic prints from the originals (1:1) on highly sensitive bromosilver-gelatin paper toned with selenium and Digigraphie prints. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the necessity of the continuation of research, conservation and restoration works on the collection of negatives.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane ze zbiorem ponad 200 negatywów kolodionowych wykonanych na podłożu szklanym w technice tzw. mokrego kolodionu, przechowywanych w Bibliotece Kórnickiej PAN w Kórniku. Opisano technikę kolodionową, którą wynaleziono w 1851 roku, cechy charakterystyczne negatywów kolodionowych, a także tematykę przedstawień na obiektach pochodzących ze zbioru kórnickiego. W dalszej części artykułu omówiono charakterystyczne zniszczenia negatywów kolodionowych, wśród których za najbardziej niebezpieczne uznano wysalanie się związków zasadowych na powierzchni szkieł, co powoduje niszczenie i utratę warstwy obrazowej. Opisano działania przeprowadzone na zbiorze kórnickim w postaci prac konserwatorskich, wykonania zdjęć cyfrowych i odbitek fotograficznych z oryginałów (1:1) na papierach wysokoczułych bromosrebrowo-żelatynowych tonowanych selenem oraz wydruków w technice Digigraphie. W zakończeniu zwrócono uwagę na konieczność kontynuacji badań i realizacji konserwatorskich, a także restauratorskich na zbiorze negatywów.
5
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Panotypy – unikatowe dziewiętnastowieczne fotografie na płótnie. Omówienie dwóch obiektów ze zbioru Biblioteki Kórnickiej oraz kilka słów na temat historii techniki

63%
Kozielec T., Nalaskowska M.
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej
|
2021
|
issue 38
117-132
EN
This paper presents two photographs referred to as pannotypes (from the Latin word pannus) from an album of photographs. It discusses the history of the pannotype technique, which was popular in the 1850s and 1860s in photography ateliers all over the world (it presents a review of materials and substances used in this technique and the transferring of the negative layer onto a black, flexible substrate). Pannotype is one of the most interesting techniques used in the 19th century. The paper then discusses the Kórnik photographs, the people they show, and their dimensions and structural features. Some conservation-related remarks on the susceptibility of precious objects of this type to damage also follow.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano dwie fotografie nazywane panotypami (od łac. pannus) znajdujące się w jednym z albumów fotograficznych. Omówiono historię techniki panotypii, która popularna była w latach 50. i 60. XIX wieku w pracowniach fotograficznych na świecie (przegląd materiałów i substancji używanych w tej technice oraz wykonanie transferu, czyli przeniesienia warstwy negatywowej na czarne, elastyczne podłoże). Technika panotypii jest jedną z bardziej interesujących stosowanych w XIX wieku. W dalszej części artykułu scharakteryzowano kórnickie fotografie, omówiono przedstawione na nich postacie oraz cechy strukturalno-wymiarowe. Dodano także uwagi konserwatorskie dotyczące wrażliwości na zniszczenia tego typu cennych obiektów.
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