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1

Das Übertreten des Liebesverbots: Die Heldenreise in Thomas Manns Roman "Doktor Faustus"

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Marciniak M.

Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia

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2013

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issue 21

99-112

EN

The basis for the reflections on the odyssey of the character in "Doktor Faustus" [Doctor Faustus] by Thomas Mann is the belief in the therapeutic function of literature, which has its roots in old myths and stories from heroic times and which feeds on age-old psychological truths about the nature of man. The analysis of the journey undertaken by the main characters together allows to more fully understand the message of the novel as a metaphor of trust put in the nature and reconcilement with the vicissitudes of fate. Moreover, the analysis gives a clearer picture of the allegory of life and friendship as an art of telling a story.

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Uporczywość jako znamię wykroczenia skarbowego z art. 57 § 1 k.k.s. – wybrane problemy interpretacyjne i dowodowe

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Marciniak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 1

59-76

EN

Article 57(1) of the Fiscal Criminal Code penalises a fiscal misdemeanour that consists in a taxpayer’s persistent failure to pay tax on time. The element of ‘persistence’ is subject to assessment, giving rise to many doubts and controversies. As regards the offences described in Articles 209(1), 218(1a) and 190a(1) of the Criminal Code, an objective-subjective understanding of that element is prevalent, which takes into account the prolonged nature and repeatability of conduct in question, as well as the perpetrator’s special, negative attitude to his obligation. It is emphasised, at the same time, that the persistence element is only established when the perpetrator has an objective possibility to fulfil his obligations. However, in its order of 28 November 2013, the Supreme Court adopted a partly different interpretation of ‘persistence’, according to which it may be indicated not only by the cyclic nature of the conduct, but also by a onetime, but prolonged, omission to pay a tax that is payable on a one-time basis. That interpretation has been criticised by many legal scholars. It is, nevertheless, frequently applied in the practice of the justice system. Following amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure, introduced by the Act of 27 September 2013 on amending the Code of Criminal Procedure and certain other acts, which came into force on 1 July 2015, evidence is taken, on principle, by the parties, after it is allowed by the division president or the court. The court may allow and take evidence exofficio only in exceptional cases justified by special circumstances. Currently, it is, therefore, the trial parties that are required to prove whether the ‘persistence’ element is present or absent. The amendment of the provisions concerned and the existing case law have induced the author to take up the issue in question.

3

Złośliwe niepokojenie a uporczywe nękanie – podobieństwa i różnice

100%

Marciniak M.

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2015

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vol. XIII

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issue 3

93-108

EN

Article 107 of the Violations Code penalizes malicious disturbance. The subject of this offence is characterized by a specific reason to act, which is harassment of another person. In 2011, the legislator introduced the crime of persistent harassment, also called stalking, into the Penal Code. It can be applied in the case of similar factual states as those relating to the above-mentioned offence. In contrast to the offence – as it was indicated in the justification of the project of the act – the reasons and motives for the offender to act on the ground of this offence are legally irrelevant. According to the concept of subjective-objective understanding of persistence, this notion is characterized not only by a long-lasting nature of the action, but also by the appearance of a certain intention in the psyche, which excludes the attitude of reconciliation. Here, the element of “ill will” on the part of the offender is emphasized. However, there arises the question whether this ill will should be understood as persevering in pertinacity, tenacity in harassing, frequent undertaking to behave in the way the offended person does not accept, which he/she clearly articulates and openly expresses, or as a malicious act motivated by the wish to tease, persecute, etc. If we are to accept that “ill will” manifests itself in tenacity and perseverance in pertinacity, while persistent harassment can be caused also by positive feelings, e.g., the wish to adore, love, then the difference between the petty offence (which can be committed merely with the intention to tease another person) and a misdemeanor covered by Article 190 a Par. 1 of the Penal Code is evident. Another difference between the above-mentioned types of prohibited acts is the result required to realize the statutory elements of crime. An effect of it is raising in the offended party a sense of threat or vital violation of their privacy, which is justified by circumstances. These features, like other elements of the misdemeanor under discussion were formulated in a way which raises numerous doubts of the interpretative nature, whereas the guarantee function of the Penal Law requires precision in formulating regulations.

4

Testing word embeddings for Polish

51%

Mykowiecka A., Marciniak M., Rychlik P.

Cognitive Studies

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2017

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issue 17

EN

Testing word embeddings for PolishDistributional Semantics postulates the representation of word meaning in the form of numeric vectors which represent words which occur in context in large text data. This paper addresses the problem of constructing such models for the Polish language. The paper compares the effectiveness of models based on lemmas and forms created with Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and skip-gram approaches based on different Polish corpora. For the purposes of this comparison, the results of two typical tasks solved with the help of distributional semantics, i.e. synonymy and analogy recognition, are compared. The results show that it is not possible to identify one universal approach to vector creation applicable to various tasks. The most important feature is the quality and size of the data, but different strategy choices can also lead to significantly different results. Testowanie wektorowych reprezentacji dystrybucyjnych słów języka polskiegoSemantyka dystrybucyjna opiera się na założeniu, że znaczenie słów wyrażone jest za pomocą wektorów reprezentujących, w sposób bezpośredni bądź pośredni, konteksty, w jakich słowo to jest używane w dużym zbiorze tekstów. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy ewaluacji wielu takich modeli skonstruowanych dla języka polskiego. W pracy porównano skuteczność modeli opartych na lematach i formach słów, utworzonych przy wykorzystaniu sieci neuronowych na danych z dwóch różnych korpusów języka polskiego. Ewaluacji dokonano na podstawie wyników dwóch typowych zadań rozwiązywanych za pomocą metod semantyki dystrybucyjnej, tzn. rozpoznania występowania synonimii i analogii między konkretnymi parami słów. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą, że nie można wskazać jednego uniwersalnego podejścia do tworzenia modeli dystrybucyjnych, gdyż ich skuteczność jest różna w zależności od zastosowania. Najważniejszą cechą wpływającą na jakość modelu jest jakość oraz rozmiar danych, ale wybory różnych strategii uczenia sieci mogą również prowadzić do istotnie odmiennych wyników.

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Das Übertreten des Liebesverbots: Die Heldenreise in Thomas Manns Roman "Doktor Faustus"

Uporczywość jako znamię wykroczenia skarbowego z art. 57 § 1 k.k.s. – wybrane problemy interpretacyjne i dowodowe

Złośliwe niepokojenie a uporczywe nękanie – podobieństwa i różnice

Testing word embeddings for Polish