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Ens et unum convertuntur

100%
Svoboda D.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2009
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vol. 57
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issue 2
191-208
EN
The paper deals with some of the innovations that Thomas Aquinas introduced into Aristotle’s doctrine of the One. On the basis of Aquinas’ definition of the One as undivided being (ens indivisum), the author attemps to demonstrate three such innovations. Firstly, the nature of the negation which is included in the concept of the One is negation in the sense of privation. Secondly, with a view to the kind of division being negated by the One, the formal and material division is distinguished in order to show Aquinas’ sharp distinction between the One as equivalent to being and the One which is the principle of a number. Finally Aquinas’ concept of the equivalence of being and the One is explained as well as how this equivalence is ontologically grounded in being (esse) as actuality.
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Fregovo pojetí aplikace aritmetiky

63%
Sousedík P., Svoboda D.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2015
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vol. 63
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issue 3, Special No: Sedmkrát z logiky a metodologie vědy
101-124
EN
The authors believe that the problem of applicability can be approached in two ways. One approach derives from the fact that the empirical world has been the source of many mathematical concepts, and claims that arithmetic captures reality in the same way as common empirical disciplines. Its miraculous applicability can then be explained by the greater universality of the concepts used. Such an approach is designated a poste¬riori. The other approach to the problem of applicability, designated a priori, assumes that arithmetic is not grounded empirically, in fact it is already there before all expe¬rience. Upon analysis, both approaches authors’ view, these merits and shortcomings were already noticed by Frege. Though his conception is to be classified as an a priori approach, he – unlike his predecessors – also learned much from proponents of a posteriori conceptions.
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