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Problematyka rozszerzenia NATO na łamach „Time’a” i amerykańskiego wydania „Newsweeka” w latach 1997–1999

100%
Kowalski K.
Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne
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2010
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vol. 11
184-203
EN
The article examines the issue of the first NATO enlargement after 1989. The text investigates selected texts covering the issue in its final stage and published in two American weeklies, „Time” and „Newsweek” between 1997 and 1999. Therefore, the geopolitical context of contemporary international relations (especially Russian attitude) was also weaved into narrative of the article. The analysis takes into account the degree of two weeklies’ interest in the issue and their attitude toward American diplomatic efforts regarding the accession of the new states to NATO – possible trends and fluctuations. The author’s intention was also to evaluate whether there was only one point of view relating the NATO enlargement, or whether the publications under research revealed a wide range of approaches on the matter.
2
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Planowanie dostępności – polskie uwarunkowania prawne i praktyka

100%
Kowalski K.
Niepełnosprawność - zagadnienia, problemy, rozwiązania
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2013
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issue 1(6)
71-99
PL
Osoby z niepełnosprawnością stanowią jedną z grup szczególnie narażonych na dyskryminację oraz wykluczenie społeczne. Napotykają w cyberprzestrzeni na mnóstwo barier, głównie o charakterze technicznym, które utrudniają bądź wręcz uniemożliwiają im dostęp do usług internetowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wspólnotowej oraz międzynarodowej strategii niwelowania przepaści cyfrowej w społeczeństwie informatycznym, na którą narażone są w dużym stopniu osoby z rożnymi dysfunkcjami, a także omówienie regulacji prawnych, posiadających istotne znaczenie w tym zakresie. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest niezwykle aktualna tematyka dostępności, która nabiera szczególnego znaczenia wraz z ratyfikacją 6 września 2012 r. przez Polskę Konwencji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych, a także z wejściem w życie 31 maja 2012 r. Rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów z dnia 12 kwietnia 2012 r. w sprawie Krajowych Ram Interoperacyjności, minimalnych wymagań dla rejestrów publicznych i wymiany informacji w postaci elektronicznej oraz minimalnych wymagań dla systemów teleinformatycznych. Zakres prezentowanej tematyki został zawężony do obowiązku projektowania oraz dostosowywania przez polskie organy administracji publicznej stron internetowych do międzynarodowych standardów dostępności, tzw. Wytycznych dotyczących dostępności treści internetowych (ang. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) (dalej: WCAG), opracowanych przez Konsorcjum World Wide Web.
EN
Persons with disabilities are one of the groups particularly vulnerable to discrimination and social exclusion. They encounter a lot of barriers in cyberspace, mostly of a technical nature, which make them difficult or even impossible to get access to web services. The aim of this paper is to provide the community and international strategy to address the digital divide in the information society, to which persons with various disabilities, to a large extent, are exposed to, as well as to discuss substantial legal regulations in this field. The article concerns extremely prevailing matter of accessibility, which becomes of particular importance along with the ratification of the United Nations Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disabilities on September 6 2012 in Poland, as well as with the entry into force on May 31 2012 of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of April 12 2012, on the National Interoperability Framework, the minimum requirements for public registry and electronic information exchange as well as the minimum requirements for IT systems. The presented issues have been narrowed down to the obligation to design and to customize websites by the Polish public administration bodies, to meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (further WCAG) - the international accessibility standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium.
3
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Czynnik ekonomiczny i polityczny w badaniach stosunków międzynarodowych

100%
Kowalski K.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2012
|
vol. 17
166-181
EN
The article shows the interdisciplinary character of international relations, concetrating mainly on its political and economic dimensions. The text anlyses the reasons for the division of economics and political science into distinct fields of studies underlining the negative conseqences of this procces. One-sided analyses focused on either poltical or economic aspect lack the overall outlook on complex interactions between the actors of international relations. Therefore another prospect on these interactions is desirable. The international political economy (IPE) is a social science discpline that uses a wide array of interdiscipliantry tools to research interantional relations problematique. The article presents both different definitions of IPE and instruments it uses, pointing out problems resulting from different tools usage in political science and economics. Rational choice outlook is presented as an approach that might overcome these difficulties.
4
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What Shall We Do with Our Boys? An Impact of the GI Bill on the US Economy

100%
Kowalski K.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 4
167-180
PL
-
EN
The GI Bill of Rights (The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) was a comprehensive program to aid returning veterans in their speedy readjustment to a civilian life. Its role was also to enable the veterans to fit them into the civilian economy. In the first part of the text, the economic and political context of the discussion around the Bill is discussed. The author refers to the popular belief that the end of the war was expected to result in the return of another economic depression. The latter was to be deepened by winding down war production and speeded up by returning servicemen. The text examines how the Bill was to tackle that challenge. The main body of the article is built around the analysis of the provisions of the Act that relate to the benefits for the former soldiers. This includes a mustering-out pay, education benefits, medical care for the disabled in the war, unemployment insurance, an allowance credit and pensions for disabled veterans. The requirements, terms of funding and sum of benefits are presented and discussed. The last part concludes with the general remarks about the significance of the Bill and its contemporary perception in the USA.
5
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Remarks on the genesis of UNRRA. Negotiations between the Great Powers and selected treaty provisions

100%
Kowalski K.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 7
161-172
EN
As a conceptual framework, UNRRA referred to one of the four freedoms (freedom from want) mentioned by Franklin D. Roosevelt in a speech given in Congress on January 6, 1946. In the first section, the article presents early attempts to coordinate assistance for the civilian population during World War II (The Committee of Supplies and The Inter-Allied Committee on European Post-War Requirements). The scale of actions taken was very small and insufficient. In January 1942, the USSR proposed the creation of an international organization that would collect information on raw materials and food. This initiative prompted Washington and London to launch a separate competitive project. The organization’s task was to bring help until the state gained economic independence. Therefore, the organization’s goal was not to rebuild the areas affected by war damage in the long term (rehabilitation not reconstruction). In the main part, the article presents the basic issues in dispute when creating the principle of allocating aid, for example, the requirement of consent of the receiving state to receive gifts or the composition of organs of the organization. For this purpose, the exchange of notes between Washington and London was analyzed. Differences of opinions delayed the signing of the contract which did not take place until November 1943.
6
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Turystyka handlowa Polaków w latach 70. i 80 XX w. Studium przypadku

63%
Pieczewski A., Kowalski K.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2012
|
vol. 17
123-139
EN
The article deals with the phenomenon of tourism trade migrations in Poland in 70s and 80s of 20th century. The text comprises two parts. In the first section the authors analyze the causes and directions of these specific temporary movements. The article attempts to explain tourists` motivation and presents the scale of these activities which is presented in the context of political and economic situation in Poland. The second consists of five summaries prepared by participants having taken part in the mentioned peculiar “tours”. Specific forms of carrying on business are presented as well as the influence which the tourist trade exerted on their financial situation. In the final section the authors confront the case studies with the data presented in the first part.
7
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Geography Matters. Environmental Factors that Affected the “Take-Off” of Lodz

51%
Dzionek-Kozłowska J., Kowalski K., Matera R.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2017
|
vol. 78
PL
Niniejszy artykuł, na przykładzie analizy gospodarki miasta Łodzi, stanowi kolejny przyczynek w coraz obfitszej literaturze na temat czynników pobudzających wzrost gospodarczy. Autorzy pokazują, w jaki sposób czynniki geograficzne mogą stymulować bądź hamować rozwój gospodarczy w różnych okresach. W artykule omawiają przyczyny gospodarczej stagnacji miasta przez pierwsze cztery stulecia jego istnienia i następujący po tym jego szybki rozwój. W toku badań ustalili przede wszystkim, że w przypadku Łodzi długofalowy rozwój nie byłby możliwy bez kilku czynników środowiskowych, które pozwoliły podjąć dobre decyzje i zapewniły miastu stabilność instytucjonalną. Geography Matters. Environmental Factors that Affected the “Take-Off” of Lodz The paper contributes to a growing body of literature on factors triggering economic growth by providing an analysis of the case of city of Lodz. We demonstrate how geographical factors can play their roles as incentives or hindrances of economic development in different periods of time. The paper discusses the reasons for the city’s economic stagnation for the four first centuries of its existence and the subsequent rapid growth. The main finding is that in the case of Lodz, the long-term development would not be possible without a few environmental factors which supported to make good decisions and to impose institutional stabilization of the city.
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