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PL
Tradycyjnie banki były uznawane za instytucje konserwatywne, działające w stabilnym otoczeniu. Obecnie jednak sytuacja jest inna. Czynniki takie jak dezintermediacja, deregulacja i globalizacja, przeobraziły sektor bankowy. Dominującą rolę odgrywają w nim teraz wielkie zdywersyfikowane konglomeraty finansowe, które zachowują się w wielu aspektach inaczej niż tradycyjne banki. Przypadki niewłaściwego zachowania tych konglomeratów prowadzą do erozji zaufania do banków. Taka sytuacja rodzi pytanie, czy współczesne banki nadal mogą cieszyć się statusem instytucji zaufania publicznego.
EN
Traditionally banks have been considered as conservative institutions which operate in a stable environment. But now the situation is different. Factors such as disintermediation, deregulation, and globalization have changed the banking sector. Nowadays, large diversified financial conglomerates play dominant role in it. This conglomerates behave in many aspects not as traditional banks. The cases of misbehaviour lead to erosion public trust in these institutions. Such situation raises the question of whether banks can be still treated as institutions of the public trust.
EN
The purpose of the paper was to analyze the phenomenon of ethical investing and to evaluate the level of development of the market for this type of investments in selected member countries of the European Union. The study covered 10 countries with different degrees of development of the SRI market. The research was focused on two main areas: first – asset management approach in the context of ethical investments and second – the availability of this type of investment for a wide range of individual investors, dependent on the level of development of open-end ethical investment funds segment. Studies have shown that despite similarities among countries in some areas, there is no universal standard that would determine the shape of the SRI market. This fact indicates the importance of local institutional conditions. Compared to other countries, the market in Poland stood out a low value of assets under management of ethical investment, but also the highest growth rates of these assets. In addition, the segment of open ethical investment funds was underdeveloped, with moderate degree of heterogeneity in conjunction with the small size of the average fund. In Poland, as in most other countries, equity funds dominated in terms of numbers, and fixed income funds – in terms of assets under management. The low level of development of the domestic market of ethical investments is largely due to the existing system of institutional factors, which in contrast to the solutions found in countries with mature SRI market, does not create incentives for this type of investment.
EN
As the social responsibility notion developed, it caught the interest of not only businesses but also other organizations, including universities. The project described in the article aimed at researching how higher education institutions develop their social responsibility strategies. The desk research carried out covered the analysis of GRI database entries where the universities’ social responsibility and sustainable development reports are stored as well as the analysis of selected reports and universities’ websites. The two main findings of that research are: the growing social responsibility of the universities has been proved, and a vast diversity of the strategies applied was observed. As a result, seven models of creating the university strategy have been identified and described in the paper. In conclusion, we must stress that there are no universal standards regarding the placement of the strategy in the university general development plans, neither its scope, the process of creation nor the way it is communicated.
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