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PL
Artykuł jest próbą zarysowania wybranych problemów i refleksji odnoszących się do kategorii dziecka i dzieciństwa, jak również wskazania kilku zmian, jakie zaszły w postrzeganiu najmłodszych i ich roli w zachodnich społeczeństwach na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku stuleci – zmian, które były kluczowe dla ukształtowania się dzisiejszego sposobu percepcji dzieciństwa. Artykuł jest zatem: po pierwsze, próbą doprecyzowania kategorii dziecka i dzieciństwa odnoszących się do nieco innych sfer pojęciowych; po drugie, wskazania kilku istotnych czynników, które wpływały na zmianę sposobu widzenia roli dziecka oraz rozumienia dzieciństwa w społeczeństwie i kulturze, doprowadzając do wykształcenia się współczesnej wizji dzieciństwa; po trzecie, zarysowania współczesnego wizerunku dziecka i dzieciństwa w oparciu o refleksje pojawiające się na gruncie interdyscyplinarnych badań nad dzieciństwem oraz wskazania na pewne sposoby obecności i rekonstruowania wizerunku dziecka i dzieciństwa w tekstach kultury.
EN
The article presents selected problems and reflections related to the category of a child and childhood. It also points to several changes which took place during the last centuries in the way chil- dren are perceived, and how their place changed in Western societies. These changes are crucial in how children and childhood are perceived today. The aims of the article are: first, to clarify the categories of child and childhood that relate to somewhat different areas of thought; second, to show several important factors that influenced the change in the perception of the role of the child, and how childhood was understood within society and culture, leading to the contemporary vision of childhood; third, to outline the contemporary image of a child and childhood, basing the outline on reflections appearing within interdisciplinary research on childhood, and finally to point out certain ways of presence and reconstruction of the image of child and childhood in the texts of culture.
EN
In this three-part article its authors attempt to discuss one of the most exciting debuts in the Polish cinema of the recent years – "Ode to Joy" (2005). The first text, corresponding with the first part of the feature, examines the content of Anna Kazejak-Dawid's etude entitled "Silesia" ("Śląsk"). Grzegorz Nadgrodkiewicz makes a subjective evaluation of the degree to which the etude withstood the test of time and tries to decide to what extent the generational criterion may be useful in interpreting the etude. Commenting on Jan Komasa's episode, entitled "Warsaw" ("Warszawa"), Ewa Ciszewska focuses on Poland’s social stratification during transformation and on its consequences for the young. Also analysed is the manner in which hip-hop culture is represented here. The third text discusses Maciej Migas’s episode "The Sea" ("Morze"). Jadwiga Mostowska focuses on the key plots, motifs and, first of all, on the central character to depart from generational tropes in favour of a reflection on the film itself – a work of art of the young director who wants to tell a story.
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