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Století proměn v pohřbívání : Od církevního uložení do země ke zpopelnění bez obřadu

100%
Nešporová O.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2013
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vol. 100
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issue 2
183-204
EN
The changes in funeral practices in Czech society which occured during the 20th century were more significant than those that took place during the whole of the second millenium. Traditional Roman Catholic Christian funerals which were performed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are described as a starting point from which the focus moves to a study of the major changes which took place from then onwards.
2
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Obavy a těžkosti rané fáze rodičovství : zjištění longitudinálního výzkumu prvorodičů

100%
Nešporová O.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2019
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vol. 55
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issue 1
3-30
EN
The article focuses on the concerns of Czech expectant parents and their subsequent life difficulties. A qualitative longitudinal methodology was used to study parental experiences for a period of around four years. Three waves of semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen dual-earner parental couples who had their first child in 2011 or 2012. An analysis of 93 interviews revealed that the fears of the parents-to-be principally concerned childcare, paid work, free time, the relationships, and health. Actual experience of difficulties in these areas was often mentioned by different respondents from those who had expected to have them. The theory of intensive motherhood was employed to underscore the heavy demands and responsibilities placed on contemporary parents and the difficulties that accompany the use of a child-centred approach. The heavy demands on childcare felt by mothers who adhered to the intensive mothering model were cited as causing difficulties in the everyday lives of parental couples; the fathers mainly complained of a lack of rest and quality time with their partners.
3
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Pomníčky u silnic v longitudinální perspektivě

100%
Nešporová O.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2015
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vol. 102
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issue 2
173-198
EN
The article focuses on roadside memorials (RSMs) created for the victims of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic. It provides the results of longitudinal field research conducted in central and northern Bohemia in the periods 2005-2008 (first research wave) and 2011-2014 (second research wave). Attention is devoted particularly to the temporality of such memorials. The research, consisting of the study of a sample of 69 roadside memorials, was repeated after a period of around seven years and the data from both waves sebsequently compared; the final sample consisted of 89 memorials.
4
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Přechod k mateřství – plány versus realita týkající se pracovních životů vysokoškolsky vzdělaných žen

100%
Nešporová O.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 2
73-84
EN
The article provides a detailed insight into a critical stage in the life course of young women. It focuses on the transition to first-time motherhood among women with tertiary education in heterosexual dual-earner couples in the Czech Republic. The plans of pregnant women regarding their working lives following the birth of their first child are compared with the subsequent realities of their lives (the first eighteen months of their motherhood). The study is based on longitudinal qualitative research conducted between 2011 and 2014. The research revealed that pregnant women did not consider motherhood and paid work as contradictory and that most of them anticipated working before their child´s third birthday. Due to the reality of motherhood and the chances of combining childcare and work, a number of the women in the sample changed their plans, did not return to work once their children reached eighteen months of age and did not expect to return to work in the near future. The lack of available non-maternal childcare or the unwillingness to take advantage of it were found to be the key factors in their decision not to work, coupled with a shortage of part-time work and flexible working arrangements (working hours and place of work). Conversely, the offer of flexible working conditions, the prospect of good financial rewards and a positive relationship between the woman and her work constituted the key reasons for women to return to work during the first eighteen months of their child’s age. With regard to the fulfilment of their plans, structural conditions and constraints were identified as being of greater importance than personal preferences.
5
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Role sborů pro občanské záležitosti v rozšiřování občanských pohřebních obřadů

100%
Nešporová O.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2022
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vol. 109
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issue 3
275-298
EN
The article provides a description of the history of committees for civil issues in the Czech part of the former Czechoslovakia between the 1950s and the 1980s. Two main data sources were used. Firstly, in-depth interviews were conducted with funeral professionals who conducted funerals in the time period under study. Secondly, handbooks for funeral organisers and civil funeral orators concerning funeral speeches and suitable forms of civil (socialist) funeral ceremonies were analysed. The author argues that members of committees for civil issues actively created new forms of ceremonies and played a key role in the spread of civil funerals in today’s Czech Republic. Such committees were hierarchically structured and centrally organised, and there were huge regional differences in terms of their activities. At the end of the 1970s and during the 1980s, they were more active in Moravia, where the numbers of civil funerals were lower and, thus, where the need for their promotion was greater.
CS
Článek popisuje historii sborů pro občanské záležitosti v české části bývalého Československa v 50. až 80. letech 20 století. Využity byly dva hlavní datové zdroje. Prvním byl hloubkové rozhovory s pohřebními profesionály, někdy zároveň členy sborů pro občanské záležitosti, kteří realizovali pohřební obřady ve sledovaném období. Druhým byly příručky pro pohřební profesionály a civilní pohřební řečníky o pohřebních proslovech a náležité formě občanských (socialistických) pohřebních obřadů. Autorka ukazuje, že členové sborů pro občanské záležitosti aktivně utvářeli nové formy obřadů a sbory pro občanské záležitosti hrály ústřední roli v rozšiřování občanských pohřbů na území dnešní České republiky. Sbory byly hierarchicky uspořádané a centrálně organizované a v jejich aktivitě byly ohromné regionální rozdíly. Na konci 70. let a v 80. letech 20. století byly aktivnější na Moravě, tedy tam, kde byly počty občanských pohřbů nižší, a proto tam byla potřeba pro jejich propagaci silnější.
6
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Acentury of funeral change in burial practices: from church burial to cremation without a ceremony

100%
Nešporová O.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2023
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vol. 110
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issue 2
127-156
EN
The changes in funeral practices in Czech society which occurred during the 20th century were more significant than those that took place during the whole of the second millennium. Traditional Roman Catholic Christian funerals which were performed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are described as a starting point from which the focus moves to a study od the major changes which took place from the onwards. The first half of the 20th century was specific in the emergence of cremation. The Communist era (1948–1989) was characterized by a huge expansion in the popularity of cremation (the cremation rate in Czechoslovakia had reached 55% by 1988) as well as by a significant increase in the proportion of secular funerals which, by the end of the 1980s, were being conducted for around three-fifths of the deceased. Contemporary Czech funeral practices can be seen as a direct continuation of those of previous generations and are noteworthy in terms both of having one of the highest cremation rates in Europe (80%) and, even more strikingly, the extraordinarily high rate of cases (around one quarter to one third) in which no funeral ceremony is held at all for the deceased.
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